Labaru Daga Intanet

LG ta Kulla Yarjejeniya da Google Inc. (http://www.siliconvalley.com/news): Kamfanin LG Electronics Inc. da ke kasar Korea ta Kudu, ta kulla yarjejeniya da Google Inc. kan shigar da manhajojin ta cikin sabbin wayoyin tafi-da-gidanka da kamfanin ke son fitarwa cikin wannan shekara. Malam Paul Bae, mataimakin shugaban bangaren kere-keren kamfanin, ya bayyana haka a wani jawabi da ya fitar ranar larabar da ta gabata. LG ta bayyana cewa zata fara fitar da wayoyin salularta masu manhajojin Google da Intanet, zuwa kasuwannin duniya kafin karshen wannan shekara. Wayoyin, wadanda sun kai kala goma, zasu fito ne da manhajojin Google irinsu Gmail, da Google Map, da kuma Blogger Mobile. Kamfanin LG Electronics Inc. dai ita ce kamfani ta biyar a sahun manyan kamfanoni masu kera wayoyin tafi-da-gidanka (Mobile Phones) a duniya gaba daya.

Abdullahi Salihu Abubakar (Baban Sadiq)

Off Lagos Crescent,

Anguwar Hausawa, Garki Village

Abuja.

080 34592444, absad143@yahoo.com, salihuabbu@yahoo.com

http://fasahar-intanet.blogspot.com

"SPAM": Don Kawar da Bakin Haure

Mabudin Kunnuwa:

Cikin watan Fabrairun da ya gabata, Malam Bashir Auwal Sa’ad, wakilin sashen Hausa na BBC da ke nan Abuja, ya bugo mani waya don neman hira da ni kan zamba cikin aminci da wasu ke yi ta hanyar Intanet, watau Internet Scamming, a turance. Yayi hira dani na tsawon mintuna biyar, aka kuma sanya a shirin “Amsoshin Takardunku”, kwana daya bayan hirar. Bayan wannan hira na ci gaba da samun sakonni daga wajen masu karatu kan ire-iren sakonnin da suke samu marasa kan-gado, duk da cewa mun amsa tambaya makamanciyarta a daya daga cikin kasidun da muka gabatar, idan mai karatu bai mance ba. Wannan ya tabbatar mani cewa har yanzu da sauran rina a kaba. Don haka na ga dacewar jinginar da bayanan da muke tunkudowa kan Dangantakar Intanet da Harkokin Rayuwa, don kawo gamsassun bayanai wajen samu, dalilai da kuma magance ire-iren wadannan sakonni da a turance ake kira “Spam”.

SPAM:

Kalmar “Spam”, kalma ce ta turanci, amma zai yi wahala mai karatu ya sameta cikin kamus, balle ya ga ma’anarta cikin harshen. Babban dalili kuwa shine, halittaciyar kalma ce da masu amfani da fasahar sadarwa ta Intanet suka kirikira, shekaru kusan talatin da suka gabata. Don haka idan ba a bangaren fasahar sadarwa ta Intanet ba, samun ma’anar “Spam” na da wahala. Don haka, kalmar na nufin “duk wani sako da aka aiko maka cikin jakar Imel dinka, wanda baka bukaceshi ba, ba ka tsammaninsa, balle ya amfaneka.” Sakonnin “Spam” na daga cikin matsalolin da masu hulda fasahar Imel ke fuskanta, musamman a wannan zamani da wannan fasaha ke bunkasa fiye da yadda mai karatu ke zato. Duk wanda ya saba yawace-yawace a gidajen yanan sadarwa, yana shigar da adireshinsa a duk inda aka umurceshi da yi, to ya san sakonnin “Spam”. Ire-iren wadannan sakonni sun kasu kashi uku: akwai sakonnin da ke dauke da tallace-tallace kan hajoji da caca (casino) ko kuma nau’ukan batsa daban-daban a Intanet. Kana iya gane irinsu daga taken (subject) da suka zo dashi. Ya danganta da ire-iren gidajen yanan sadarwan da kake ziyarta. Idan ka saba shiga gidajen yanan sadarwan wayoyin salula ne, to ba abin mamaki bane ka yi ta samun sakonnin da ake tallata maka wayoyin tafi-da-gidanka, iri-iri. Nau’I na biyu kuma sune sakonnin harkalla, watau sakonnin da ake bukatar a hada kai da kai wajen gabatar da wata hulda da ta shafi kudi. Ire-iren wadannan sakonni na cuwa-cuwa ne. Masu zamba-cikin-aminci (419) ne ke aiko da su. Sakonnin harkalla na kunshe ne da bayanai kan huldodin kudi. Galibin ‘yan Nijeriya masu yin wannan aika-aika kan dogara ne da wasu harkokin siyasa da suka faru, wajen shirya alaka da kai kan wannan harkalla. Misali, wani zai ce maka ai babansa tsohon minista ne da aka kama shi lokaci kaza a mulkin wane, kuma a yanzu yana da kudade miliyoyin daloli da ke bankunan kasashen waje, ya rasa yadda zai yi ya shigo dasu Nijeriya. Wasu kuma su ce maka suna da wata hanya ce ta yin kudi, idan kana bukata, ka samesu ta adireshi kaza, don cikakken bayani. Wasu ma har nambar waya zasu baka, kuma da zaran ka buga, tabbas zaka samu wanda zaka zanta dashi. Wannan kenan. Sai nau’in “Spam” na uku, wadanda sakonni ne marasa kan gado, na bogi, masu dauke da cutar haukatar da kwamfuta, watau “Computer Virus”. Su wadannan sakonni na zuwa ne da makalallen sako, watau “attachments”, wanda idan ka bude, zai shige kwakwalwan kwamfutarka, ya dama maka lissafi. Masu aiko ire-iren wadannan sakonni kuma su ne masana manhajar kwamfuta, kwararru, masu mummunan manufa wajen aiki da fasaharsu. Ana kiransu “Crakers” ko “Hackers”. Babban tambayar da masu amfani da wasikun Imel ke ta yi, cikin mamaki, ita ce: shin, ta yaya suke samun adireshin mutane?

Hanyoyin Samun Adireshi:

Suna da hanyoyi wajen hudu, a takaice, da suke bi wajen samun adireshin mutane. Hanya ta farko ita ce sayan adireshin Imel a wajen kamfanonin da ke gabatar da saye da sayarwa ta Intanet. Wadanda suke da tarin adireshin mutane, masu shigowa don gabatar da cinikayya. Domin galinin gidajen yanan sadarwan da ke alaka da mutane na da wata manhaja da ke tara adireshin Imel da masu ziyara ke shigarwa, da zaran sun shigo zauren gidan yanan. Duk da cewa wannan haramun ne a dokar gwamnati, amma ba ruwansu. Idan suka tara sai kawai su sayar ma “Spammers”, su kuma su ci gaba da harkallansu. Hanya ta biyu kuma ita ce ta aikawa da “dan aike” (watau Robot, a turance), ko wani manhaja da masu wannan aika-aika ke kirkira, don zuwa “yawo” cikin giza-gizan sadarwa ta duniya, yana gano duk inda adireshin Imel yake, tare da kwafo shi zuwa gidan yanan mai shi, a saukake. Galibin masu wannan ta’ada, su ma suna sayar da wadannan adireshi ga “Spammers”, ko kuma su cilla ma masu su rikatattun bayanai, don keta da ta’addanci. Hanya ta uku kuma, ita ce ta hanyar aikawa da sakonni majalisun tattaunawa, watau “Mailing Lists” ko “Discussion Groups”. Galibin “Spammers” kan tattara adireshin mutane ta wannan hanya don yin wannan aika-aika. Sai hanya ta karshe, wacce kai da kanka zaka haddasa ta; shine ka shigar da adireshin Imel dinka da kanka, don wata bukata da kake da ita a wani gidan yanan sadarwa, kamar yadda muka kawo misali da katin gaishe-gaishe a kasidar da ta gabata kan wannan mas’ala. A wani karon kuma wasu ne zasu mika adireshinka yayin aiko maka da wani sako ta wani gidan yanan sadarwa. Dukkan wadannan hanyoyi na da tasiri mai girma wajen taimaka ma masu aiko wadannan sakonni.

A halin yanzu, duk da cewa ana kan kirkiran manhajojin kwamfuta masu tace ire-iren wadannan sakonni kafin isowarsu jakar wasikar sadarwa (Mail Box), abin sai karuwa yake yi. Domin cikin dakiku goma, suna iya aikawa da sakonni miliyan daya. Wannna tasa magance wannan matsala ke da matukar wahala, domin da zaran sun aika da sakon, sai su kulle adireshin da suka aika da sakon ta hanyarsa, aikinsa ya kare. A cikin sakon da aka aiko maka ne zaka samu sabuwar adireshin da zaka aika da jawabi, idan ba ka da sa’a. In kuwa haka abin yake, to miye mafita?

Abin Yi:

A yanzu dai kana da hanyoyi uku da zaka bi wajen magance wannan matsala, idan ya addabe ka. Hanya ta farko itace, duk lokacin da ka samu ire-iren wadannan sakonni, wanda galibi a “Bulk Mail” Yahoo Mail ke jefa su, sai kawai ka share (delete) su. Kada ka taba amsa su, domin amsa ire-iren wadannan sakonni na da matsala biyu; da farko, idan mai aikowa yayi haka ne a bisa taraddadin zai samu amsa ko bazai samu ba, ma’ana adireshin rayayye ne ko matacce? Idan ka mayar da jawabi, wannan zai farkar dashi cewa “ai adireshin mai rai ne, banza ta fadi gasassa.” A bangare na biyu kuma, in ka aika da jawabi, sakonka zai dawo (bouce), domin yana daga cikin al’adan masu zamba cikin aminci su boye tataccen bayanin da zai nuna hakikanin inda suke aiko da sakonninsu. Don haka da zaran ka samu ire-iren wadannan sakonni, ka share su kawai, ba sai ka bude su ba. Hanya ta biyu ita ce ka tsara jakar wasikar sadarwanka, watau Inbox, ta yadda duk wani sako da yazo makamancin “Spam” za a kautar maka dashi zuwa “Bulk Folder”, ko kuma a hana sakon isowa jakar gaba daya. Za ka iya yin hakan ta “Options”, wanda ke can sama daga hannun dama, a “Inbox” dinka (Ga masu Yahoo kenan). Idan shafin ya budo, zaka ga zabi kala-kala da zasu taimaka maka tsare jakar wasikar sadarwanka. Sai ka dubi bangaren hagu, inda aka rubuta “Spam Protection”, da kuma “Block Addresses”. Idan ka matsa “Spam Protection”, zai kai ka inda zaka tsara yadda kake son karban sakonni masu kama da sakonnin bogi, watau “Spam”. Idan kuma kana da adireshin Imel da ka san an saba aiko maka ire-iren wadannan sakonni. Sai kaje “Block Addresses”, ka shigar da adireshin. Ba za ka kara samun sako daga wannan adireshin ba. Amma duk da haka, wannan tsaro ne na “wucin-gadi”, domin suna da adireshin Imel masu dimbin yawa da suke amfani dasu wajen aiko wadannan sakonni, kuma da zaran sun aika, sai su kulle. A lokaci daya su kan aika da sakonni miliyan daya daga adireshin Imel guda, kamar yadda bayani ya gabata a sama. ‘Yan duniya! Idan sakonnin suka ci gaba da zuwa kamar ruwan sama, to Malam Barau, ba ka da zabi sai matakin karshe, watau kulle jakar wasikar sadarwan gaba daya, don bude wani sabo kawai. Sai dai duk da haka, akwai himma da wasu kwararru ke yi a duniyar gizo, wajen gano iyayen garken (web servers) da ke ba masu wannan aika-aika daman yada tsiyatakunsu. Akwai kuma kungiya guda mai suna “Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial E-mail”, watau “CAUCE” (http://www.cauce.org), masu yaki da yada sakonnin bogi, watau “Spam”. A halin yanzu akwai dokokki da gwamnatocin Turai da Amurka ke kan tsarawa, wanda zai hukunta duk wanda aka kama yana wannan aika-aika. A halin yanzu ladabtar dasu kawai ake yi. Da zaran an lura da gidan yanan sadarwan da ke taimaka ma masu wannan aiki, sai a tallata su a duniyan gizo, a kuma daina mu’amala da su. SPEWS na daya daga cikin masu tallata ire-iren wadannan gidajen yana masu aikowa da sakonnin bogi. Idan kana son samun bayanai kan su, da wadanda ke yi da kuma wadanda suka tuba, ka ziyarcesu a http://www.spews.org.

Kammalawa:

Daga karshe, idan mai karatu ya bi hanyoyin da suka gabata, in Allah Ya yarda zai samu saukin lamarin. Duk da cewa sakonnin bogi zasu ci gaba da yaduwa a Intanet, za a ci gaba da samun hanyoyin magance su, iya gwargwado. Babban abin farin ciki shine mu a nan Nijeriya da sauran kasashe masu tasowa, matsalar zata takaita sosai. Domin bamu cika saye da sayarwa ta hanyar Intanet ba. Amma duk da haka, samun makami da iya sarrafa shi kafin bacin rana, abu ne mai muhimmanci. Sai mu fadaka, don samun kariya. Kada kuma a mance da ziyartan kundin sirrin wannan shafi da ke http://fasahar-intanet.blogspot.com.

Dangantakar Intanet da Harkokin Rayuwa (4)

Bangaren Ilimi:

Kamar yadda muka yi alkawari a makon da ya gabata, a yau zamu fara jero samfurin alakar da ke tsakanin Intanet da harkokin rayuwa, kamar yadda ake gudanar da su a harkokin yau da kullum. Zamu dauki bangaren harkan ilimi, inda za mu kawo tsarin yin rajista ga mai son rubuta jarrabawan shiga babban makaranta (watau makarantun gaba da sakandare kenan). Zamu shiga gidan yanan sadarwan Hukumar Shirya Jarrabawan Shiga Manyan Makarantu, watau Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board, ko JAMB, a takaice. Tsarin babu wani wahala, amma alfanun da ke tattare da hakan baya lissafuwa, kamar yadda muka zayyana wasu muhimmai daga cikinsu a makon da ya gabata.

JAMB:

JAMB ita ce hukumar gwamnati, mai lura da kuma shirya jarrabawan shiga manyan makarantun gaba da sakandare. Wadannan makarantu sun hada da kwalejin horas da malamai (Colleges of Educatioon), Kwalejin fasaha (Polytechnics) da kuma Jami’o’I (Universities). Ta kan shirya jarrabawa ne ga masu son shiga wadannan makarantu, kuma da zaran sakamako ya fito, sai wannan hukuma ta mika ma makarantun, don shigar da wadanda suka yi nasara. Kafin nan, duk mai son rubuta wannan jarrabawa dole ne ya sayi fam, wanda hukumar ke sayarwa a bankuna da kuma gidajen waya (Post Offices), na dukkan jihohin kasan nan.

A halin yanzu wannan hukuma ta canza tsarin sayar da wannan fam da take sayar ma masu son rubuta wannan jarrabawa. A yanzu duk mai son rubuta wannan jarrabawa, zai sayi katin biya ne (scratch card), wanda zaka bambare, ka shigar da bayanan da ke kumshe cikinsa, a gidan yanan sadarwansu da ke Intanet. Wannan hanya da suka bullo da ita, ta rage yawan wahalhalun da dalibai ke shiga daga lokacin rajista zuwa lokacin rubuta jarrabawa. Da zaran dalibi ya sayo wannan kati wanda ke tare da littafin da zai yi masa jagora wajen zaben kwasakwasan da yake son karanta a makarantar gaba da sakandare, sai ya nufi mashakatar tsallake-tsallake (cyber café), don yin rajista.

Yana isa, sai ya shiga gidan yanan sadarwan da hukumar ta tanada don yin rajista, wanda ke http://www.jambng.com. Idan ya shigar da adireshin, sai ya jira shafin ya bude. Da zaran ya budo, sai a gangara can kasa daga hannun hagu, inda aka rubuta “Click Here to Register”, kamar yadda yake a shafin da ke tafe. Kana matsa wannan koren tambari, wani sabon shafi zai budo, inda zaka samu bayani kan nau’ukan bukatun mai neman makaranta. Akwai bangaren UME, watau Universities Matriculation Examination. Wannan shine wanda ya kumshi rubuta jarrabawa, kuma shine galibin daliban da suka gama sakandare suke rubutawa, don shiga Jami’a ko sauran manyan makarantu. Idan jarrabawa zaka rubuta, sai ka matsa wajen. Idan kuma shiga ce irin ta kai-tsaye (Direct Entry), sai ka matsa inda aka rubuta 2007 DE. Haka idan jarrabawar shiga kwalejin fasaha da kuma horar da malamai zaka yi, sai ka matsa inda aka rubuta 2007 MPCE. Da zaran ka matsa daya daga cikin wadannan wurare, za a riskar da kai in da zaka samu bayanai don yin rajista. Idan ka shiga shafin yin rajista, zaka samu cikakken bayani kan yadda ake rajista da kuma shigar da hoto, duk ba sai ka je ofishin hukumar ba.

Da zaran ka gama shigar da dukkan bayanan da ake bukata, da hotonka da komai da komai. Daga nan sai ka mika musu bayanai, ka saurari sako kan inda aka zaka rubuta jarrabawanka, ko lokacin da sakamako zai fito, idan bukatar kai tsaye kake so. Wannan shine mataki na farko.

Idan sakamakon jarrabawa ya fito kuma, sai ka sake sayan kati don dubawa ko ka yi nasara. A jikin katin da ka sayo, zaka ga adireshin gidan yanan sadarwan da zaka shiga. Ba wacce ka shiga bane da farko. Adireshin kuwa shine: http://www.jambonline.org. Da zaran ka shigo shafin, sai kawai ka kankare katin, zaka ci karo ka nambobi kashi biyu; kashin farko shine “Serial Number” da kuma “Pin Number”.

Idan ka shigo shafin farko, zaka ga tambarin irin katin da ka sayo daga hannun hagu. A dama kuma zaka ga inda aka rubuta “Login Here”, ma’ana, “shiga ta nan”. Akwai wuraren shigar da bayanai guda uku, kamar yadda mai karatu zai gani a shafin da ke gefe. A filin farko, wanda ke sama, zaka shigar da namban rasitin da aka baka a wajen sayo katin, na farko kenan. A filin da ke biye dashi, sai ka shigar da “Serial Number”, wanda zaka gansu a cikin katin da ka kankare. A filin karshe, wanda ke kasa kuma, sai ka shigar da “Pin Number”, shi ma a katin zaka gani. Daga nan, sai ka matsa alamar “Submit” da ke kasan dukkansu. Kwamfa! Sakamakon jarrabawanka zai bayyana cikin gaggawa. Idan ka ci karo da wata matsala wajen shigar da bayanan da ake bukata daga gareka, sai ka matsa inda aka rubuta “Frequently Asked Questions”, wanda ke can sama daga hannun dama. Zaka samu dukkan bayanan da kake so in Allah Ya yarda.

A mako mai zuwa, zamu dan ratse don kawo cikakkun bayanai kan sakonnin “Spam”, watau sakonnin da mai karatu zai yi ta cin karo dasu a jakar wasikar sadarwansa, ba tare da sanin wanda ya aiko masa su ba. Hakan ya faru ne saboda sakonnin tambayoyi da nake ta samu daga masu karatu. Sai mun sadu.

LABARU DAGA INTANET

Google na Shirin Kera Wayar Salula (http://www.abcnews.go.com): A yayin da kowa ke shaukin fitowar wayar tafi-da-gidanka na kamfanin Apple (iPhone), babban kamfanin Matambayi Ba Ya Bata ta duniya, watau Google Inc., na shirin shigowa kasuwar wayar salula (na tafi-da-gidanka). Bayanai sun tabbatar da haka daga jami’an kamfanin, wanda a halin yanzu tayi hayan kwararru dari don tsara yadda wannan waya ta salula zata kasance. Kamfanin Google Inc. dai ta dade da nuna sha’awarta wajen shigowa wannan bangare na kasuwanci, ta hanyar bullo da manhajoji da masarrafan kwamfuta da dama masu amfani cikin wayar salula. Daga cikin ire-iren wadannan manhajoji akwai taswiran Google, watau Google Map, da masarrafan Matambayi Ba Ya Bata na wayoyin tafi-da-gidanka, watau Mobile Search da dai sauransu. A yanzu kamfanin Google Inc. na shirin shiga wata yarjejeniya ne da kamfanin kera wayoyin tafi-da-gidanka na kasar Jafan, watau Samsung, wajen kera wannan waya da ta fara bincike a kansa.

Google ta Kulla Yarjejeniya da Gwamnatocin Kenya da Ruwanda (http://campustechnology.com/articles/46302): Gwamnatocin kasashen Kenya da Ruwanda sun kulla wata yarjejeniya da kamfanin Google Inc kan manhajojin sadarwa da suka shafi harkan ilimi. Wannan yarjejeniya zai ba dalibai a jami’o’I da kuma cibiyoyin ilimi da ke kasashen biyu daman amfani da manhajoji da masarrafan kamfanin Google Inc. ta kera, wajen ci gaba da karatu da kuma bincike kan bangarorin ilimi daban-daban. Manhajojin da suka shiga cikin wannan yarjejeniya dai sun hada da Google Talk, Google Docs and Spreadsheets, Google Calendar, Gmail, da kuma Google Page Creator. Ana sa ran dalibai sama da dubu saba’in (70,000) zasu fara amfana da wannan shiri a karon farko, daga kasashen biyu.

Labaru Daga Intanet

Firefox 3.0 Ya Fito! (http://www.pcworld.com): Sabon nau’in masarrafan lilo da tsallake-tsallake (browser) na kamfanin Mozilla, watau Firefox 3.0 ya fito. Malam Schroepfer, jami’in kamfanin Mozilla ya bayyana haka ranar Talatar da ta gabata a birnin Landan. Sabon nau’in dai na dauke ne da sauye-sauye masu kayatarwa, wadanda zasu taimaka ma mai lilo da tsallake-tsallake (browsing) a duniyar gizo cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali. Daga cikin kayatattun siffofin Firefox 3.0, shine zai baka daman rubuta wasikar Imel idan kana da Gmail, ko da babu Intanet a kwamfutarka. Daga baya da kanta za ta aika maka da sakon idan Intanet ya samu. Masarrafan lilo da tsallake-tsallake na Firefox dai an kirkiro ta ne shekaru hudu da suka gabata, kuma ita ce ke gogayya da Internet Explorer na kamfanin Microsoft a halin yanzu. Duk mai son amfani da wannan masarrafa na iya diro (download) da ita kan kwamfutarsa daga http://www.mozilla.com.

“Google ta Farkar Da Mu”, in ji Microsoft (http://news.yahoo.com): Ci gaban da kamfanin Google (mai gidan yanan sadarwan matambayi ba ya bata na “Google” – http://www.google.com) ke kan yi sanadiyyar habbakar kudaden shiga da take samu wajen tallace-tallace a duiyar Intanet, ya farkar da babban kamfanin manhajan kwamfuta ta duniya, watau Microsoft. Sabon shugaban kamfanin, Architect Ray Ozzie ne ya bayyana haka, a wani taro na masu zuba jari, wanda ake ma lakabi da “Goldman Sachs Investor Conference”, a jihar Las Vegas da ke Amurka. Kamfanin Google dai na sahun manyan kamfanonin da ake ji dasu a duniyar Intanet, kuma ita ce a gaba wajen samun kudin shiga sanadiyyar tallace-tsallace a gidan yanan sadarwanta (web advertisements) da take yi a kafafe daban-daban. An kiyasta cewa Google ta samu sama da dalan Amurka Biliyan Goma ($10B) a shekarar da ta gabata, yayin da kamfanin Microsoft ke biye da dalan Amurka Biliyan Biyu ($2B). Arch. Ray yace wannan ba karamin kalu-bale bane a garesu, kuma ya farkar dasu kan muhimmancin hanyar tallace-tallace, wanda kamfanin Microsoft ba ta cika damuwa dashi ba.

Abdullahi Salihu Abubakar (Baban Sadiq)

Off Lagos Crescent,

Unguwan Hausawa, Garki Village

Abuja.

080 34592444

Absad143@yahoo.com, salihuabdu@yahoo.com

http://fasahar-intanet.blogspot.com