Tsarin Sadarwa ta Wayar Salula (Mobile System Communication) (1-3)

Matashiya

Cikin silsilar da muka faro sama da makonni biyar da suka gabata kan wayar salula da tsarinta, a yau za mu ci gaba. Idan ba a mance ba, a baya mun kawo bayanai ne kan ma’anar wayar salula, da tarihin samuwarta, da tarihin tsarin sadarwar wayar salula tun farkon samuwa har zuwa yanzu, da shahararrun kamfanonin wayar salula a duniya, da bunkasar wayar salula a duniya, sai kuma bayani na karshe da muka yi kan bangarorin wayar salula, da alakar da ke tsakanin gangar-jiki da ruhinta. A nan muka kwana, kuma a halin yanzu ga shi mun dawo don ci gaba.

A yau kuma za mu kawo bayanai ne kan Tsarin Sadarwa ta Wayar Salula, watau Mobile Communication System a harshen Turancin Kimiyyar Sadarwa. Wannan tsari kuwa ya kunshi Nau’ukan Tsarin Sadarwa ta Wayar Iska, watau Wireless Communication System, da Tsarin Sadarwa ta GSM, da Yanayin Sadarwa, watau Network Service, da Kamfanin Sadarwa, watau Telecom Operator kenan, da Matakan Sadarwa, da Nau’urorin Sadarwa, sai kuma Tsarin Hada Wayar Salula - wanda ke kunshe da wayar hannu, da Katin SIM, da kuma lambar waya. In ana tare da mu, za a samu dukkan wadannan bayanai cikin gamsarwa. A halin yanzu ga bayani nan kan Nau’ukan Tsarin Sadarwa ta Wayar Iska, watau Wireless Communication System.

Nau’ukan Tsarin Sadarwa ta Wayar Iska

Da farko dai, tsarin sadarwa (na bayanai ko sauti ko hotuna) ta wayar-iska, daga tashar aikawa zuwa tashar karba, shi ake nufi da Wireless Communications, a turance. Wannan tsari na iya kasancewa ta amfani da kowane irin kayan fasahar sadarwa; daga wayar salula zuwa kwamfuta, ko talabijin irin na zamani, ko dukkan wasu kayayyakin sadarwa masu dauke da sinadaran sadarwa irin na zamani. A wannan tsari na Wireless Communication, babu alaka ta zahiri tsakanin tashar da ke aikawa da sakon, da tashar da ke sadarwa a tsakani, da kuma tashar da ke karba a karshe. A yayin da tsoffin wayoyin tangarahon gidajenmu ke bukatar dogayen wayoyin sadarwa nau’in Twisted Pair RJ11, daga babban tashar sadarwa zuwa gidajenmu don jona wannan waya da tangarohonmu kafin yin magana da wanda muke son magana da shi, a tsarin Wireless Communication duk ba a bukatar haka. Dukkan tsare-tsaren ana yin su ne ta hanyar tashoshin da ke sadarwa, ba a bukatar wani dan aike bayananne a tsakani.

Wannan hanya ta Wireless Communication na da nau’uka da dama wadanda ko dai an yi amfani da su a baya wajen aikawa da sakonni ta wayar iska, ko kuma ana ma amfani da su a yanzu haka. Wadannan hanyoyi dai su ne: Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS), da Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), da Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD), da Personal Digital Cellular (PDC), da Total Access Communication System (TACS), da Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT), da International Mobile Telephone Standard 2000 (IMTS-2000), sai kuma Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS). Wadannan shahararru daga cikinsu kenan. Amma wanda ya dame mu a duk cikinsu shi ne Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), wanda kuma shi ne muke amfani da shi a tsarin sadarwa ta wayar salula a Nijeriya yanzu.

Tsarin Sadarwa ta GSM

Tsarin TDMA, wanda aka fi sani da “Global System of Mobile Communications”, ko GSM a gajarce, shi ne tsari mai inganci na sadarwa da duniya ke ji da shi a halin yanzu. Wannan tsari na GSM ya fara aiki ne a kasar Finland cikin shekarar 1991, inda ya samar da damar aikawa da kuma karbar sakonnin tes. Kuma har zuwa karshen shekarar 1999, shi ne sauran kasashen duniya suka yi amfani da shi - in ka kebe kasar Amurka. Da aka shiga shekarar 2000, sai Hukumar Habaka Harkar Sadarwar Tarho ta Duniya, watau International Telecommunication Union (ITU), ta fitar da wasu sababbin hanyoyin sadarwa na wayar salula da ta sanya wa suna “International Mobile Telecommunications-2000”, ko kuma “IMT-2000” a gajarce. Wannan sabuwar hanyar sadarwa ta wayar salula da ITU ta bullo da shi a shekarar 2000, ayarin ka’idojin sadarwa ne da ke sawwake yanayin kira da sadar da shi, da aikawa da sakonnin tes (SMS), da tsarin kira ta hanyar bidiyo (Video Call), da kuma tsarin GPRS da dai sauransu. Bayan haka, karkashin wannan tsari, na’urorin sadarwa na iya aikawa da sakonni nau’uka dabam-daban a lokaci daya. Misali, wayar salularka na iya karbar sakon tes a lokacin da kake amsa kira ko magana da wani a wayar, ba tare da sai ta jira ka gama Magana kafin ta aika ko karba ba. Dukkan wadannan sabbin tsare-tsare sun samu ne karkashin ingantacciyar tsarin GSM mai suna “GSM EDGE”, wanda wannan hukuma ta ITU ta samar tun daga shekarar 2000 zuwa yanzu.

A karkashin tsarin sadarwa ta GSM wayoyin salula suna mu’amala da junanansu ne tamkar yadda mutane ke mu’amala a tsakaninsu. Ma’ana, wata wayar salular tana iya fahimtar inda ‘yar uwarta take, har ta kira ta, su kuma yi Magana, ta hanyar mika bayanai a tsakaninsu. Sannan bayan haka, an samu saurin yaduwar kayayyakin fasahar sadarwa sosai, inda kamfanoni suka yi ta kera nau’uka daban-daban masu dauke da sinadaran sadarwa a cikinsu. Tsarin GSM bai da wahalar sha’ani ko kadan, domin ba ya amfani da ramzozin garuruwa wajen bayar da lamba, watau Codes. Misali, a tsohuwar tsarin sadarwar wayar tarho da muka saba amfani da ita a baya, duk wanda ya kira ka daga garin Kano kana iya ganewa ta hanyar lambobin farko, watau “064”. Amma a tsarin GSM kuwa sai dai ka iya sheda kamfanin da mai kiranka ke amfani da lambarsu, amma ba daga ina yake kiranka ba. Wannan tasa Hukumar Kasar Amurka ta ki amfani da wannan tsari saboda dalilan tsaro. Duk da yake suna da wayoyin salula da kuma tsarin kira ta wayar iska, amma ko daga ina ka kira ana iya ganewa, tare da sanin bigiren da kake, da ma lokacin da kake kira. A takaice dai, tsarin GSM ya taimaka matuka wajen yawaitawa tare da sawwake tsarin sadarwa a duniya baki daya.

Hanyar Sadarwa ta Wayar Salula

A tsarin sadarwa ta wayar iska, abu na farko da ya kamata mai karatu ya sani shi ne hanyar sadarwa, ko kuma hanyar da muryarsa ke bi wajen isa ga wanda yake son Magana ko sadarwa da shi. Domin duk wata ala ta sadarwa tana da hanyar da take bi wajen sadar da sakon da aka dora mata hakkin sadarwa; mota tana da nata hanyar; keke da babur su ma suna da nasu hanyoyin; jirgin sama da na kasa suna da nasu hanyoyin. To haka sadarwa a tsarin sadar da bayanai, na sauti ne ko rubutu ko waninsa. A takaice dai sadarwa a tsakanin wayoyin salula na samuwa ne ta yanayin aikawa da sauti ko bayanai ta hanyar siginar rediyo, watau Radio Waves, wanda a tsarin kimiyyar sadarwa ta zamani ake kira Sine Waves. Wannan hanya na samuwa ne ta hanyoyin sadarwa masu dimbin yawa da ke sararin samaniya da Allah Ya hore wa dan Adam. Kuma hanyar na kunshe ne da abubuwa uku masu tabbatar da sadarwan ga duk wanda aka aika masa. Abu na farko shi ne kadarin lokacin da sakon ke daukawa wajen isa, wanda ke ta’allaka da lokaci, watau Period. Sai kuma kadada, watau iya nisan da sako ke iya dauka na tsawon wani lokaci a halin tafiyarsa, watau Wavelength. Abu na karshe kuma shi ne maimaituwan sadarwa a wani lokaci na iya nisan da sakon ya dauka a farko, watau Frequency.

Wannan tsari na sadarwa ta siginar rediyo (Radio Waves) na da dabakar kadadar saurin sadarwa, watau Range, wajen takwas. Wadannan dabakoki sune: Very Low Frequency (VLF), da Low Frequency (LF), da Medium Frequency (MF), da High Frequency (HF), da Very High Frequency (VHF), da Ultra High Frequency (UHF), da Super High Frequency (SHF), sai kuma Extremely High Frequency (EHF), na kololuwa kenan. Tsarin sadarwa ta siginar rediyo, wacce ke isar da sadarwa irin ta wayar salula da rediyo da talabijin, na amfani ne da dabakar Very High Frequency, watau VHS. Wannan hanyar sadarwan kenan, wacce ke daukan sauti da sakon mutane daga wayoyin salularsu zuwa wadanda suke son Magana da su. Sai abu na gaba.

Yanayin Sadarwa (Network Service)

Bayan samuwar hanyar da ke daukan sakonni daga tashar sadarwa zuwa wata tasha, sai kuma yanayin da ke bayar da wannan dama, watau Network. Wannan yanayi na samuwa ne ta hanyar kayayyakin fasahan da ke sawwake wannan sadarwa, wadanda suka kunshi na kamfanin sadarwa da kuma wanda mai son sadarwan ke da shi. Wadannan na’urori ko kayayyakin fasaha su za su sheda wayar salular da ke neman sadarwa, su tabbatar cewa mai kyau ce, wacce aka kera da dukkan ka’idojin da aka amince da su a duniya da sauran bayanai. Kafin kowane irin nau’in sadarwa ya yiwu tsakanin mai son sadarwa da wanda ake son sadar masa, ana bukatan abubuwa kamar takwas da za su yi mu’amala da juna a lokaci guda, wajen isar da wannan sako. Abu na farko da ya zama dole shi ne, samuwar wayar salular da za a bugo wayar daga gareta, watau Mobile Station. Mobile Station, a tsarin sadarwa ta wayar iska, ita ce wayarka ta salula, wacce aka kera a bisa yardaddun ka’idojin sadarwa ta wayar salula ta duniya, mai dauke da lambobi guda goma sha hudu, a rukunin lambobi uku, kuma ake kira International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI). Duk wayar salular da bata cika wadannan ka’idoji ba, to ba a iya isar da sako daga gareta, duk tsadarta kuwa. Wadannan lambobi sha biyu da ke rukunin lambobin uku, za ka iya ganinsu a jikin wayarka da zarar ka cire marafan wayar, ka cire batir (musamman idan ta kamfanin Nokia ce), za ka ga wasu lambobi a jikin wayar, kamar haka: 357964/00/651435, a misali. Wannan na waya ta kenan. Rukunin farko, watau 357964, su ake kira Type Approval Code (TAC). Rukuni na biyu kuma, watau 00, ana kiransu Final Assembly Code (FAC). Sai kuma rukuni na karshe, watau 651435, wanda ake kira Serial Number (SNR). Ka ji amfanin wadannan lambobi, ba wai rubuta su kawai aka yi don kawa ba. Duk wayar da ba ta da su a manne a jikinta, to kayi hankali. Ita wayar salula, kamar yadda muka sani, saya za ka yi a kasuwa ko wajen kamfanin da ke sadarwa idan suna da su.

Bayan samuwar wayar salula watau Mobile Station, sai rukunin lambar sadarwa ta duniya, watau International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI). Su ma lambobi ne da ke rukuni uku kuma sun kunshi lambobi ne da ba su kasa goma shabiyar ba (ko dai goma shabiyar ne ko kasa da haka, misali), idan ba ka da su, to ba maganar sadarwa. Ga misali nan: +234 (080) 34592444. Rukunin farko, watau +234, su ake kira Mobile Country Code (MCC), watau lambar sadarwa ta kasa. Kowace kasa na da nata. Na Nijeriya shi ne +234, kamar yadda na tabbata duk mun sani. Sai rukuni na biyu, watau (080), ko kace Mobile Network Code (MNC), kuma sun takaita ne da kamfanonin sadarwa, irinsu MTN, da ZAIN, da GLOMOBILE da sauransu. Wannan lamba na iya canzawa, kamar yadda mun san akwai masu (070) da (090) da dai sauransu. Sai rukunin karshe: 34592444, wanda ake kira Mobile Station Identification Number (MSIN). Wannan ita ce lambar da ake iya sheda kowace wayar salula (ko mai amfani da ita) da zarar ya nemi sadarwa tsakaninsa da wani. Wannan tasa kaga ba a ma tambayarka sunanka wai don ka je sayan layin wayar salula. Duk da yake wasu kasashe kan yi rajistar sunaye da adireshin masu lambobin waya yayin da suka zo saya, don halin tsaro. Su da wadannan lambobi suke iya sheda kowa, da su ake amfani wajen sanin yawan kudinka, ko rashinsa. To wadannan rukuni idan kana da su, kana iya buga waya ko ina ne a duniya.

Sai abu na gaba, watau Subscriber Identity Module, wanda muke kira SIM Card (ko Katin SIM, a Hausance). Wannan kati ne ke dauke da rukunin lambobin sadarwa ta duniya da bayaninsu ya gabata. Kuma ana sanya shi ne cikin wayar salula, don neman wanda ake so ta hanyar tashar kamfanin da ke bayar da sadarwan. Wannan kati na SIM na dauke ne da kalmar iznin shiga (Password ko PIN Code), wanda mai shi ke amfani da su wajen tsare lambobi da sauran bayanansa da ke ciki. Hakan na faruwa ne ta hanyar wayar salula, ma’ana idan ya shigar da katin cikin wayar salularsa. Wannan kati har wa yau, shi ne babban “dan aike” na farko da ke tsakanin wayar salula da tashar kamfanin da ke isar da sadarwa. Abin da wannan ke nufi shi ne, idan kana da wayar salula, duk tsadanta, muddin babu katin SIM a ciki, to ka hakura da tunanin karba ko isar da sako ta cikinta. Sai abu na gaba, watau Cell Tower, ko kace na’urar sadarwa da ke wani kadada ko fadin birni a wani gari ko kauye. Na’ura ce da kamfanin sadarwa ke aijyewa a wani bangare ko zango na gari ko birni. Misali, kamfanin sadarwa na iya raba birnin Kano zuwa gunduma-gunduma ko shiyya-shiyya. Kowace gunduma ta kunshi lambobin mutanen da ke wannan wuri. Cell Tower ce ke dauke da yanayin sadarwa, watau Network da ke wannan wuri ko kadadan sadarwa. Sai kuma Base Transceiver Station (BTS), watau na’urar da ke aikawa da sako tsakanin wayar salularka da ke wannan kadadan sadarwa zuwa tashar Cell Tower da ke wannan wuri. Wannan na’ura na aikawa da wannan sako ne ta hanyar siginar rediyo, watau Radio Waves. Misali, idan kana Unguwa Uku da ke birnin Kano, sai ka bukaci yin Magana da wani ta hanyar wayarka, da zarar ka buga lambarsa, na’urar BTS ce za ta dauki bukatarka zuwa tashar Cell Tower da ke zangon Unguwa Uku.

Abu na gaba shi ne samuwar Base Station Controller (BSC), watau tashar da ke sadar da sakon masu bugo waya daga wani zango (Cell Tower) zuwa wani. Ita ce babbar zangon da ke hada dukkan zanguna da ke birni ko gari daya. Misali, idan kana Unguwa Uku sai ka buga ma abokinka da ke Mariri, Base Station Controller ce ke da hakkin sadar da bukatar ka daga unguwar da kake zuwa inda ka bukaci a sadar da kai. Sai kuma babban zango ta karshe, watau Mobile Switching Center (MSC). Wannan tasha ita ke dauke da dukkan lambobi da bayanan masu lambobin sadarwa na kamfanin gaba daya. Kwaya daya ce tinkwal, kuma ita ce ke tabbatar da cewa duk wani mai bugo waya, daga ko ina ne, ta hanyar lambobin kamfanin ne ko na wani kamfanin ne daban, daga gida Nijeriya ne ko daga waje, muddin wanda ake son Magana da shi na lambar kamfanin ne, to wannan tasha ce za ta isar da sadarwan idan zai yiwu ko kuma mayar da bukatan mai bukatan saboda wasu dalilan da za mu karanta nan gaba. Wannan babban zango, watau Mobile Switching Center, ta kunshi manyan bangarori ne guda hudu, kuma a halin yanzu ga bayanin kowanne daga cikinsu nan.

Home Location Register (HLR)

Bangaren Home Location Register (HLR), shi ne mai lura da dukkan bayanan da suka shafi layi ko lamban da kake amfani da shi a wayar salularka; yaushe ka fara amfani da shi? Nawa ka zuba a ciki tunda ka saya? Wani layi ka kira na karshe? Kai a ina ma kake a halin da ake Magana? Idan mai karatu bai san wannan ba, ya dubi fuskar wayar salular sa, zai ga tana nuna masa sunan bigiren da yake; a Area 1 ne ko Wuse ko Kano ko Kaduna; Unguwa Uku ne ko Sallare ko BUK? Duk inda kake, Home Location Register ne ke dauke da bayanin inda kake. Kuma wannan zai rika nunawa (idan ka tsara wayarka ta rika nunawa kenan). Har wa yau, aikin wannan bangare ne ya rika hada ka da wanda kake son Magana da shi yayin da ka buga lambarsa; ya kuma rika isar da masu nemanka ta lambar da kake amfani da ita a wannan lokaci. Haka idan ka zo karshen maganan da kake yi da abokin maganarka, Home Location Register ce za ta tsayar da sadarwar (idan ka kashe wayarka ko abokin maganarka ya kashe tasa). Wannan kadan cikin aikin wannan bangare kenan da ke Mobile Switching Center (MSC), watau babban zangon sadarwa da kowace kamfanin sadarwa ta wayar salula ke amfani da shi.

Visitor Location Register (VLR)

Sai kuma bangaren Visitor Location Register (VLR), wanda aikinsa ne ya taskance lambobin wani zangon da ba nasu bane, a matsayin “masu ziyara” kenan. Misali, idan a Kaduna kake, Unguwar Sarki, sai ka je ziyara a Bauchi, kuma wayar salularka na da layin MTN, kana zuwa, Visitor Location Register za ta sheda ka, cewa bako ne kai, duk da cewa kamfanin daya ce. Hujja a nan kuwa shine, don dukkan bayanan da lambarka ta kunsa suna zangon sadarwa (watau Cell Tower) ne da ke Unguwar Sarki na Kaduna. Kana shigowa sai Visitor Location Register ta taskance bayananka na wucin-gadi, har ka gama abin da ya kawo ka, ka tafi. Iya zamanka a Bauchi, za ka samu sadarwa da wadanda suke wasu wurare kuma kai ma za a iya samunka. Haka idan kana tsarin Roaming ne, (watau tsarin da ke bayar da daman wuce kadadan yanayin sadarwan kamfanin da ke sadar da kai, don ci gaba da samun hanyar sadarwa ba tare da matsala ba) da zarar ka bar wannan bigire, sai a share bayanan lambarka da ke wannan taska.

Authentication Center (AuC)

Bangaren Authentication Center rumbun bayanai ne na nau’ukan kalmomin shiga da masu lambobin sadarwa ke tsare layukansu da su. Misali, idan ka sanya wa layin sadarwarka PIN Code, to kalmomin da ka shigar na zarcewa ne kai tsaye zuwa Authentication Center. Wannan wani nau’i ne na tsaro ga masu layukan, inda babu wanda zai iya ganin asiran da suka taskance a layukan sadarwarsu sai su ko kuma wanda suka ga daman bashi kalmomin da suka shigar. Har wa yau, idan kana da PIN Code babu wanda zai iya katse maka sadarwarka ta kowace hanya ce, a halin da kake Magana da wani. Kowace irin na’ura yayi amfani da ita kuwa. Wannan tasa hukumar Amurka ta ki amincewa da wannan tsarin sadarwa na GSM, domin idan mutum ya bugo maka waya, ba za ka iya sanin daga ina yake bugo maka ba, sai in gaya maka yayi. Hakan na da wahalar ganewa domin dukkan layukan, lambobin kamfani daya suke amfani da su, kuma sun takaita ga kamfanonin sadarwan ne, ba wata jiha ko wasu birane ba. Sabanin tsarin sadarwar tarho na Landline, inda za ka iya sanin daga inda ake bugo maka. Amurka ta ki wannan tsari ne saboda dalilai irin na tsaro. Idan ana son gano inda kake, daga inda kake waya kawai ana iya tace maganan da kake yi da abokin maganarka; ana iya sanin daga bigiren da kake bugowa ko kake karban sakon, da dai sauran bayanai. Amma da tsarin GSM ba su iya wannan sam ko kadan. Ire-iren wadannan hanyoyi sun hada da PIN Code, da PUK Code, da kuma Security Code. Dukkansu a taskance suke cikin wannan rumbu ta Authentication Center.

Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

Wannan bangare ne ke dauke da dukkan sunayen wayoyin salular da ke dauke da layi ko lambar kamfanin sadarwan. Ma’ana, idan ka sayi layin MTN, ka sanya cikin wayar salularka nau’in Nokia 5320 XpressMusic misali, wannan bangare ne zai taskance nau’in wayar da kake amfani da ita, ya tabbata mai kyau ce wacce aka kera ta amfani da ka’idojin sadarwa ta duniya, mai kuma dauke da lambobin sadarwa ta duniya da bayaninsu ya gabata a sama, watau International Mobile Equipment Identity. Idan ba mai kyau bace, ko kuma bata cika wannan ka’ida ba, wannan bangare na Equipment Identity Register zai lika mata alamar “Invalid”, ma’ana wacce bata cika ka’ida ba, kuma ba za a iya amfani da ita ba. Haka idan aka sace maka wayar salularka mai dauke da layin sadarwanka a ciki, kana iya sanar da kamfanin sadarwanka, za su lika mata wannan alama ta “Invalid”. A wasu lokuta ma suna iya bata wayar idan kana so, ya zama barawon yayi aikin banza kenan. Amma ba duk kamfanin sadarwa ke yin haka ba, saboda tsoron keta da wani na iya ma wayar wani. Don babu aminci a tsakaninmu kuma mutane basu bin doka, shi yasa. Wadannan a takaice su ne manya kuma muhimman bangarorin da ke dauke cikin wannan babban zangon kamfanin sadarwa, watau Mobile Switching Center (MSC). A yanzu ga dan takaitaccen tsarin da kowane sako na kira ko text ke bi kafin isa ga wanda aka aika masa.

Tsarin Bugawa da Karban Kira ko Tes

Kana rike da wayar salularka mai dauke da lambar MTN misali, a zangon (Cell Tower da ke) Jimeta, sai ka buga wa abokinka da ke wani wuri don son yin Magana da shi. Kada mu fadi sunan bigiren da yake a yanzu. Kana bugawa, Base Transceiver Station (BTS), watau na’urar da ke aikawa da sako tsakanin wayar salularka da ke wannan kadadan sadarwa zuwa tashar Cell Tower da ke wannan wuri ta dauki wannan sako ko bukata taka, ta mika wa na’urar Switching Center, watau babban zango mai dauke da manyan bangarorin da bayanansu suka gabata a sama. Ita kuma Switching Center sai ta lalubo bangaren Home Location Register don sanin ko wanda kake son Magana da shi yana zangon da kake ne ko kuma a wani zango daban yake. Ko kuma shigowa yayi a matsayin “bako”. Idan bako ne shi, ma’ana ba a wannan zangon lambarsa take, sai Home Location Register ta binciko kundin adana lambobin baki da suka shigo wannan zango, watau Visitor Location Register, don nemo wannan lamba da kake nema na abokinka. Amma idan a zango daya kuke da shi, to ba sai ma ta je Visitor Location Register ba; daga Home Location Register kawai za ta sheda mai lambar. To da zarar an samu lambar, sai Mobile Switching Center ta cilla wa bangaren Equipment Identity Register, wacce aikinta ne taskance dukkan wayoyin salular da ke dauke da lambobin sadarwan wannan kamfani, don tabbatar da cewa wayar abokinka ta cika ka’idar sadarwa na lambobin da muka kawo bayanansu a sama, da kuma cewa ko an kera wayar a tsarin ka’idojin sadarwa ta duniya ko a a. Idan ta samu wayar na dauke da alamun “Invalid”, sai ta mayar da wannan bukata taka, cewa baza ta iya sadar da kai ta wannan waya ba. Amma idan garau wayar take, ta kuma cika ka’ida, to sai babban zango, watau na’urar Mobile Switching Center ta mika sakonka kai tsaye, sai yaji wayarsa ta fara bugawa; kai ma za ka ji haka, a naka bangaren. Sai sadarwa ya wakana a tsakaninku. Duk wannan kai-komo na iya samuwa ne cikin kasa da dakiku goma (10 seconds), muddin babu wata matsala a yanayin sadarwa, watau Network.

To amma watakil mai karatu zai ce mai yasa wasu lokuta ga-ka-ga-mutum, idan ka buga layinsa sai ace maka ba ya nan; alhali wayarsa a kunne take, kuma ta cika dukkan ka’idojin da ake bukata? Hakan na faruwa ne daga tsarin sadarwan kamfanin, musamman idan yanayin sadarwan na yin sama da kasa. Kada mu mance, nace mana tsarin sadarwa ta hanyar salula na samuwa ne ta hanyar siginar rediyo, wanda kuma ta hanyoyin wayar-iska yake bi. In kuwa haka ne, ashe akwai watakilancin samuwan tsaiko wasu lokuta. Ka kwatanta hakan da irin ingancin sautin rediyo da kake ji a wasu lokuta daban-daban. Me yasa wasu ke kama tashar rediyon Kaduna garau, amma wasu sai sun fita kofar gida kafin su samu. Hakan ya ta’allaka ne ga dalilai biyu; na farko shine ingancin yanayi ko gyaruwansa, dangane da iskar da ke bugawa a sararin samaniya. Bicike ya nuna akwai alaka na kut-da-kut tsakanin sakonnin da ke bin hanyoyin iska a sararin samaniya, da kuma irin yanayin da ke wannan bigire. Idan akwai hadari kuma ana cida da walkiya, yanayin sadarwa musamman ta rediyo kan samu matsala. Haka ma sadarwa ta Intanet, ta kan samu matsala. Hatta masu kallon tashoshin tauraron dan Adam ta NileSat, sukan samu matsala da zarar an fara ruwa. Wannan kenan. Abu na biyu kuma shi ne inganci ko nau’in na’urar da ke aikawa ko karban wannan sako. A yayin da tashoshin NileSat ke yayyankewa idan aka fara ruwa ko hadari ya hadu, masu kallon tashoshin DSTV ba su samun wannan matsala ko kadan. Me yasa? Don tsarin NileSat na cafke siginarsa ne ta amfani da tauraron dan Adam nau’in KU-Band. Su kuma kamfanin DSTV na amfani da tauraron dan Adam mai cafko bayanai nau’in C-Band, wanda yanayin iska da ke sararin samaniya ba ya cikakken tasiri a kansa. Wannan tasa za ka ga masu wayar salula nau’in Nokia sun fi kowa samun yanayin sadarwa mai kyau, fiye da masu amfani da wayar Motorola. Idan ka je inda babu yanayi mai kyau, baza ka samu matsala ba muddin wayar Nokia kake da ita. Amma Motorola ta dinga maka tsowa kenan, don sanar da kai cewa “yanayi ya dauke”, “yanayi ya dawo”. A gafarce ni, ba talla nake wa kamfanin Nokia ba, kawai misali nake bayarwa. Wadannan sune manyan dalilai biyu da ke haddasa samun matsalar sadarwa. Amma bayan wadannan, babu wani matsala kuma sai wanda ya ta’allaka da wanda kake son samu; ko dai ya zama yana Magana da wani a yayin da ka buga masa, sai a ce maka “Network Busy”. Ko kuma ya zama wayarsa na kashe a lokacin da ka kira.