Gabatarwa
A cikin kasidu biyu da suka gabaci wannan mako mun kawo bayanai ne kan tsari da kuma yadda kwamfutoci ke yin mu’alama a tsakanin su wajen sadarwa, a ko ina suke kuwa. Na kuma tabbata mai karatu ya karu da wasu abubuwa, duk kuwa da irin tsaurin da kasidun suka yi wajen fahimta. A yau cikin yardan Allah zamu yi bayani ne kan Manhaja da Ka’idojin Sadarwa ta Imel, watau abin da a turancin kwamfuta ake kira Email Client and Protocols. A wannan kasida ne mai karatu zai san irin tsarin da kwamfutarsa ke bi wajen budo masa sakonnin sa na Imel da kuma hanyoyin da take bi wajen aikawa ga wadanda yake son aika musu. Kuma duk da yake wannan makala na da nasaba da guda biyun da suka gabace ta, akwai dan banbanci kadan wajen da abinda ya shafi hanyar aikawa da kuma budo sakonnin Imel. Hakan ya faru ne saboda wasu daga cikin ka’idojin da ke da hakkin yin wannan aiki ba a game suke da babban manhajan kwamfuta ba, wanda ke dauke da dukkan tsare-tsaren da suke wancan tsari. Don haka sai a biyo mu don sanin shin me ake nufi da manhajan Imel? Kuma ta yaya ya sha banban da ka’idar sadarwa ta Imel? Duk mai karatu zai sani in Allah Ya yarda.
Manhajan Imel (E-mail Client)
Manhajan Imel, ko E-mail Client ko E-mail Program a Turance, shine manhajan aikawa da kuma karban sakonnin Imel a tsakanin uwan garken da ke dauke da jakan wasikar sadarwa da kuma kwamfutar mai budowa ko aikawa. Wannan manhaja (E-mail Client/Program) na dauke ne da dukkan hanyoyin da zasu sawwake ma mai mu’amala shiga akwatin jakar wasikun sa (Inbox), da yadda zai aika da sakon (Compose) da dai sauran tsare-tsaren da za su taimaka masa yin hakan. Yadda ake gina sauran manhaja ko masarrafan kwamfuta, haka shima ake gina shi. Sai dai ya sha banban da su, domin dukkan manhajan Imel akan gina su tare da dukkan ka’idojin da suke gudanuwa dasu. Wadannan ka’idoji kuwa kusan su ne tsarin ma gaba daya. Idan basu a cikin manhajan Imel, to ba yadda za a yi kuwa ka iya budowa balle ma aikawa da sakon Imel daga kan kwamfutar da kake aiki. Har wa yau, wannan ke nuna mana cewa shi fa manhajan Imel wani irin tsari ne mai zaman kansa, ba tare da Fasahar Intanet ya ke ba, gaba daya. Domin yadda fasahar Intanet ke tsaye da kafafuwan ta, haka ma Imel yake. Kawai wajen zama ne ya hada su, sai suka zama kamar daya.
Akwai nau’in manhajan Imel iri biyu; nau’in farko shine wanda ake iya amfani da shi a Gajeren Zangon Intanet, watau Local Area Network (LAN), da kuma Faffadan Zangon Intanet, watau Wide Area network (WAN). Akan loda wannan manhaja ne cikin wata Uwan Garke (Server) na musamman, a kuma tsara yadda duk kwamfutar da ke cikin wannan zango zata iya isa gareshi, da dai sauransu. Wannan Uwan Garke ita ake kira Mail Server. Wannan zai ba dukkan mai son bude adireshin Imel daman yi a wannan zango, kamar dai yadda muke yi a gidan yanar sadarwa ta Yahoo! ko Hotmail, misali. Ta wannan hanya zaka iya aika ma duk wanda ke cikin wannan zango da sakon Imel, ya karanta, shima ya aiko maka. Shahararru daga cikin manhajan Imel masu wannan tsari sun hada da Microsoft Outlook 2000, Microsoft Outlook 2003, da Microsoft Outlook Express. Dukkan wadannan na kamfanin Microsoft ne. Saura sun hada da Thunderbird na kamfanin Mozilla, da kuma Eudora. Akwai wasu ma da dama, amma wadannan su suka fi shahara. Duk da yake za a iya tsara su, har a rinka karban sakonni daga wasu manhajojin na Imel irinsu Yahoo! da Gmail, misali, amma wannan shine tsarinsu na asali. Don haka ake samun su a kusan dukkan manyan manhajojin kwamfuta irin su Windows Operating System, Mac, Linux da sauransu. Sai kuma nau’i na biyu, wanda a Turance ake kiransu Web-based Mail Programs. Su wadannan su ne manhajojin Imel da muka saba dasu; watau manhajojin da ke damfare a gidajen yanar sadarwa masu taimakawa wajen aikawa da kuma karban sakonnin Imel a tsarin sadarwa ta Intanet. Shahararru daga cikin su ba baki bane garemu; sun hada da Yahoomail, Gmail, Hotmail, AOL Mail, Mail, Inbox da dai sauransu. Ire-iren wadannan manhajojin Imel, duk kana iya aikawa da kuma karban sakonni ta hanyarsu a tsarin Intanet a duniya gaba daya. Su ma, kamar wadanda suka gabace su, suna jibge ne cikin Iyayen Garken gidajen yanar sadarwan da ke dauke da su, watau Mail Servers. Kuma kana iya tsara su ta inda duk sakonnin da ake aiko maka su rinka zarcewa kai tsaye cikin kwamfutarka, ta hanyar daya daga cikin manhajan Imel da ke nau’i na farko, idan har kana da adireshin su. Wannan abu ne mai sauki. A halin yanzu ina da manhajan Thunderbird a kwamfuta ta wanda na tsara kuma nake karban sakonnin Imel da ake aiko mani ta adireshin Imel da nake dasu na Yahoomail da kuma Gmail (in kana so kaje http://www.mozilla.com). Muddin kana da kwamfutar ka na kanka, yin hakan shi yafi, don zaka samu daman tara sakonnin ka waje daya, kuma kana iya adana su cikin kwamfutarka, in yaso zuwa wani lokaci ka sake karantawa. Wadannan sune nau’ukan manhajojin Imel da ake dasu yanzu.
Uwar Garke (Mail Server)
Ita Uwar Garke, watau Mail Server, kwamfuta ce mai dauke da masarrafan sadarwa da kuma adana bayanai, kuma a cikinta ne ake lodawa da kuma tsara dukkan hanyoyin mu’amala da wadannan manhajoji na Imel. Galibin lokuta idan tana dauke da wannan manhaja na Imel wanda mutane ke amfani dashi, to ba a cika loda mata wasu nau’ukan bayanai na daban ba. Bayan haka, wannan kwamfuta ce ke dauke da dukkan sakonnin da ake aikawa ko karba ta hanyar adireshin da aka bude a cikinta. Ko da yake idan ka budo akwatin wasikar sadarwanka a kwamfuta zaka same su gaba daya a waje daya, da zaran ka fita (Sign Out), zasu koma cikin wannan Uwar Garke ne, kai tsaye. A cikinta ne har wa yau, ake da wasu koguna (jam’in kogo) wadanda a Turancin kwamfuta ake kiransu Ports. Hanyoyi ne da ake amfani da su wajen aikawa da sakonni. Kowane kogo na da nashi lamba da ake iya sheda shi da shi, da kuma irin aikin da yake yi. Akwai koguna uku da wannan kwamfuta ke amfani dasu wajen aikawa da kuma karban sakonnin Imel. Wadannan koguna su ne: Port 25 (wanda ke lura da hanyar aikawa da sakonni zuwa wata kwamfutar, da zaran ka aika, ta hanyar ka’idar da ke wannan kogo); sai Port 110 (wanda ke lura da budo sakonnin Imel da zaran mai shi ya so yin hakan. Shima akwai ka’idar da ke wannan aiki a wannan kogo); sai kuma Port 220 (ita wannan kogo takan yi aiki biyu ne; aikawa da kuma karba. Ita ma tana nan da nata ka’idar da ke wannan aiki). To wasu ka’idoji ne ke wannan aiki?
Ka’idojin Aikawa da Karban Imel (E-mail Protocols)
A yau dai na tabbata mai karatu baya bukatan sai mun sake sanar dashi abinda Ka’idar Kwamfuta ko kuma Porotocols ke nufi, saboda maimaicin da muka ta yi wajen kawo ma’anar wannan kalma. Illa dai mu ce: E-mail Protocols su ne ka’idojin da ke taimakawa wajen aikawa da kuma karban sakonnin Imel a tsakanin kwamfutoci. Su ma ginannun ka’idoji ne da ake tsofa su ko dai a cikin manhajan Imel, a yayin da ake ginawa, ko kuma a cikin ruhin kwamfuta, kamar yadda bayanai suka gabata a makonni biyu da suka wuce. Alal hakika akwai ka’idojin aikawa da kuma karban sakonnin Imel da dama, amma shahararru kuma nagartattu daga cikinsu guda biyar ne: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), da Post Office Protocol (POP3) da Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), da Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), da kuma Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Ga takaitattun bayanai nan kan kowanne daga cikinsu:
Simple Mail Transfer protocol (SMTP)
Wannan ita ce ka’idar da ke lura da aikawa da sakonnin Imel daga kwamfutar da aka aika zuwa wacce aka aika mata, ba tare da wata matsala ba. Idan mai karatu bai mance ba, a kasidar da ta gabata mun sanar da cewa wannan ka’ida ta Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) na cikin ka’idojin da ke zango na bakwai a tsarin aikawa da sakonni tsakanin kwamfutoci, watai Layer 7, wacce ake ma lakabi da Application Layer. A wannan zango ne mai aikawa da sakon Imel zai ayyana adireshin wanda yake son aika masa da sako, ita kuma SMTP ta bi diddigi wajen cika aikinta. Kowace kwamfuta na da wannan ka’ida ta SMTP, don haka ita ba a cikin manhajan Imel ake samunta ba kadai. Kuma ita ce ke boye cikin Port 25, cikin kogunan da ke da hakkin sadarwa ta Imel kamar yadda bayani ya gabata a sama. Da zaran ka matsa alamar “Send” sai sakonka ya fice ta wannan kogo, zuwa inda aka aike shi.
Post Office Protocol (POP3)
Wannan ginanniyar ka’ida ce da ake samu a kusan dukkan manhajan Imel, kuma babban aikinta shine taimakawa wajen budo sakon da ka’idar SMTP ta cillo. Hakan kuma na faruwa ne da zaran ka shigar da Suna da kuma Kalmar Izinin Shiganka (Username & Password), wadanda dasu ne Uwar Garken zata iya sheda ka. Wannan ka’ida na makale ne cikin Port 110, watau kogon da ke taimakawa wajen budo sakonnin da zaran ka bukace su.
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
Wannan ka’ida ta IMAP ita ma aikinta daya ne da ka’idar POP3, duk da yake idan ka samu manhajan Imel irinsu Mozilla Thunderbird wacce ke dauke da wannan ka’ida, zaka samu ta kumshi ka’idar aikawa da sakonnin Imel, watau Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMPT), wanda kuma da shi ne take aikawa da sakonni zuwa wasu manhajojin Imel din. Misali, idan ina son aikawa da sakon Imel ta jakar Yahoomail! dina, bana bukatar sai naje gidan yanar sadarwan Yahoomail, sam ko kadan. Kawai kiran manhajan Thunderbird zan yi, sai in lodo dukkan sakonnin da nake dasu a Yahoomail, in kama karantawa. Da zaran na bukaci mayar ma wani da jawabi (Reply), sai kawai inje allon rubutun Thunderbird, watau Compose, sai in rubuta in kuma aika da sakon. Don haka a kogon ka’idar IMAP, akwai ka’idar SMTP. Kuma wannan ka’ida na amfani ne da Port 220, don karba da kuma aikawa da sakonnin Imel.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Wannan ita ce gamammiyar ka’idar budo bayanai ta hanyar fasahar Intanet. Mun kuma kawo ta ne saboda nasabar da ke cikin aikawa da sakonni ta hanyar Intanet, musamman ga manhajojin Imel irinsu Yahoomail!, Gmail, Hotmail da sauransu. Duk lokacin da ka tashi karanta sakonnin Imel dinka da ke Yahoomail, dole ne kaje gidan yanar sadarwan ta da ke http://mail.yahoo.com. hakan kuma bazai yiwu maka ba sai ta hanyar Rariyar Lilo da Tsallake-tsallake, watau Browser, wanda ke dauke da wannan ka’ida ta Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Sai da wannan ka’ida zaka iya budo kowane irin gidan yanar sadarwa ta hanyar Rariyar Lilo da Tsallake-tsallake. Wannan ka’ida na da alaka ne da manhajojin Imel da ke gidajen yanar sadarwa kadai.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Wannan ka’ida ta TCP ita ce mai hada alaka tsakanin kwamfuta da wata kwamfuta ‘yar uwanta wajen sadarwa ko karban sako, kowane iri ne kuwa. Don haka idan ka aika da sako, da zaran ya iso zangon da ke dauke da wannan ka’ida ta TCP, watau Transport Layer da ke Layer 5, sai ta jibinci al’amarinsa wajen isarwa. Wannan ka’ida alakarta ya shafi dukkan manhajojin Imel ne gaba daya. Muddin wani sako zai fita daga wata kwamfuta zuwa wata, to dole ne ka’idar TCP ta san me ye kalansa, kuma ina ya dosa. Wadannan su ne ka’idojin da ke taimakawa wajen sadarwa a tsakanin kwamfutoci wajen aikawa da karban sakonnin Imel.
Kammalawa
Daga karshe, a bayyane yake cewa tsarin mu’amala tsakanin kwamfutoci wani abu ne da ke tattare da ka’idoji masu taimakawa wajen yin hakan; wadanda kuma ko dai suna cakude ne cikin manhajan Imel ko kuma a narke cikin kwakwalwan kwamfutar da ke aikawa ko karban sakonnin. Manya daga cikin wadanan ka’idoji kuwa sune Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), Post Office Protocol (POP3), da kuma Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP). A mako mai zuwa in Allah Ya yarda, zamu samu bayanai ne kan tsarin sadarwa a tsakanin wayar salula da zangon da ke lura da tsarin sadarwan. Ina mika sakon gaisuwata ga dukkan masu karatu. Allah sa mu yi Sallah lafiya, ya kuma karbi dukkan ayyukanmu na gari, amin. BARKA DA SALLAH!
Abdullahi Salihu Abubakar (Baban Sadiq)
Off Lagos Crescent, Anguwar Hausawa,
Garki II, Abuja. 08034592444
Fasaha2007@yahoo.com
http://fasahar-intanet.blogspot.com, http://babansadiq.blogspot.com
A cikin kasidu biyu da suka gabaci wannan mako mun kawo bayanai ne kan tsari da kuma yadda kwamfutoci ke yin mu’alama a tsakanin su wajen sadarwa, a ko ina suke kuwa. Na kuma tabbata mai karatu ya karu da wasu abubuwa, duk kuwa da irin tsaurin da kasidun suka yi wajen fahimta. A yau cikin yardan Allah zamu yi bayani ne kan Manhaja da Ka’idojin Sadarwa ta Imel, watau abin da a turancin kwamfuta ake kira Email Client and Protocols. A wannan kasida ne mai karatu zai san irin tsarin da kwamfutarsa ke bi wajen budo masa sakonnin sa na Imel da kuma hanyoyin da take bi wajen aikawa ga wadanda yake son aika musu. Kuma duk da yake wannan makala na da nasaba da guda biyun da suka gabace ta, akwai dan banbanci kadan wajen da abinda ya shafi hanyar aikawa da kuma budo sakonnin Imel. Hakan ya faru ne saboda wasu daga cikin ka’idojin da ke da hakkin yin wannan aiki ba a game suke da babban manhajan kwamfuta ba, wanda ke dauke da dukkan tsare-tsaren da suke wancan tsari. Don haka sai a biyo mu don sanin shin me ake nufi da manhajan Imel? Kuma ta yaya ya sha banban da ka’idar sadarwa ta Imel? Duk mai karatu zai sani in Allah Ya yarda.
Manhajan Imel (E-mail Client)
Manhajan Imel, ko E-mail Client ko E-mail Program a Turance, shine manhajan aikawa da kuma karban sakonnin Imel a tsakanin uwan garken da ke dauke da jakan wasikar sadarwa da kuma kwamfutar mai budowa ko aikawa. Wannan manhaja (E-mail Client/Program) na dauke ne da dukkan hanyoyin da zasu sawwake ma mai mu’amala shiga akwatin jakar wasikun sa (Inbox), da yadda zai aika da sakon (Compose) da dai sauran tsare-tsaren da za su taimaka masa yin hakan. Yadda ake gina sauran manhaja ko masarrafan kwamfuta, haka shima ake gina shi. Sai dai ya sha banban da su, domin dukkan manhajan Imel akan gina su tare da dukkan ka’idojin da suke gudanuwa dasu. Wadannan ka’idoji kuwa kusan su ne tsarin ma gaba daya. Idan basu a cikin manhajan Imel, to ba yadda za a yi kuwa ka iya budowa balle ma aikawa da sakon Imel daga kan kwamfutar da kake aiki. Har wa yau, wannan ke nuna mana cewa shi fa manhajan Imel wani irin tsari ne mai zaman kansa, ba tare da Fasahar Intanet ya ke ba, gaba daya. Domin yadda fasahar Intanet ke tsaye da kafafuwan ta, haka ma Imel yake. Kawai wajen zama ne ya hada su, sai suka zama kamar daya.
Akwai nau’in manhajan Imel iri biyu; nau’in farko shine wanda ake iya amfani da shi a Gajeren Zangon Intanet, watau Local Area Network (LAN), da kuma Faffadan Zangon Intanet, watau Wide Area network (WAN). Akan loda wannan manhaja ne cikin wata Uwan Garke (Server) na musamman, a kuma tsara yadda duk kwamfutar da ke cikin wannan zango zata iya isa gareshi, da dai sauransu. Wannan Uwan Garke ita ake kira Mail Server. Wannan zai ba dukkan mai son bude adireshin Imel daman yi a wannan zango, kamar dai yadda muke yi a gidan yanar sadarwa ta Yahoo! ko Hotmail, misali. Ta wannan hanya zaka iya aika ma duk wanda ke cikin wannan zango da sakon Imel, ya karanta, shima ya aiko maka. Shahararru daga cikin manhajan Imel masu wannan tsari sun hada da Microsoft Outlook 2000, Microsoft Outlook 2003, da Microsoft Outlook Express. Dukkan wadannan na kamfanin Microsoft ne. Saura sun hada da Thunderbird na kamfanin Mozilla, da kuma Eudora. Akwai wasu ma da dama, amma wadannan su suka fi shahara. Duk da yake za a iya tsara su, har a rinka karban sakonni daga wasu manhajojin na Imel irinsu Yahoo! da Gmail, misali, amma wannan shine tsarinsu na asali. Don haka ake samun su a kusan dukkan manyan manhajojin kwamfuta irin su Windows Operating System, Mac, Linux da sauransu. Sai kuma nau’i na biyu, wanda a Turance ake kiransu Web-based Mail Programs. Su wadannan su ne manhajojin Imel da muka saba dasu; watau manhajojin da ke damfare a gidajen yanar sadarwa masu taimakawa wajen aikawa da kuma karban sakonnin Imel a tsarin sadarwa ta Intanet. Shahararru daga cikin su ba baki bane garemu; sun hada da Yahoomail, Gmail, Hotmail, AOL Mail, Mail, Inbox da dai sauransu. Ire-iren wadannan manhajojin Imel, duk kana iya aikawa da kuma karban sakonni ta hanyarsu a tsarin Intanet a duniya gaba daya. Su ma, kamar wadanda suka gabace su, suna jibge ne cikin Iyayen Garken gidajen yanar sadarwan da ke dauke da su, watau Mail Servers. Kuma kana iya tsara su ta inda duk sakonnin da ake aiko maka su rinka zarcewa kai tsaye cikin kwamfutarka, ta hanyar daya daga cikin manhajan Imel da ke nau’i na farko, idan har kana da adireshin su. Wannan abu ne mai sauki. A halin yanzu ina da manhajan Thunderbird a kwamfuta ta wanda na tsara kuma nake karban sakonnin Imel da ake aiko mani ta adireshin Imel da nake dasu na Yahoomail da kuma Gmail (in kana so kaje http://www.mozilla.com). Muddin kana da kwamfutar ka na kanka, yin hakan shi yafi, don zaka samu daman tara sakonnin ka waje daya, kuma kana iya adana su cikin kwamfutarka, in yaso zuwa wani lokaci ka sake karantawa. Wadannan sune nau’ukan manhajojin Imel da ake dasu yanzu.
Uwar Garke (Mail Server)
Ita Uwar Garke, watau Mail Server, kwamfuta ce mai dauke da masarrafan sadarwa da kuma adana bayanai, kuma a cikinta ne ake lodawa da kuma tsara dukkan hanyoyin mu’amala da wadannan manhajoji na Imel. Galibin lokuta idan tana dauke da wannan manhaja na Imel wanda mutane ke amfani dashi, to ba a cika loda mata wasu nau’ukan bayanai na daban ba. Bayan haka, wannan kwamfuta ce ke dauke da dukkan sakonnin da ake aikawa ko karba ta hanyar adireshin da aka bude a cikinta. Ko da yake idan ka budo akwatin wasikar sadarwanka a kwamfuta zaka same su gaba daya a waje daya, da zaran ka fita (Sign Out), zasu koma cikin wannan Uwar Garke ne, kai tsaye. A cikinta ne har wa yau, ake da wasu koguna (jam’in kogo) wadanda a Turancin kwamfuta ake kiransu Ports. Hanyoyi ne da ake amfani da su wajen aikawa da sakonni. Kowane kogo na da nashi lamba da ake iya sheda shi da shi, da kuma irin aikin da yake yi. Akwai koguna uku da wannan kwamfuta ke amfani dasu wajen aikawa da kuma karban sakonnin Imel. Wadannan koguna su ne: Port 25 (wanda ke lura da hanyar aikawa da sakonni zuwa wata kwamfutar, da zaran ka aika, ta hanyar ka’idar da ke wannan kogo); sai Port 110 (wanda ke lura da budo sakonnin Imel da zaran mai shi ya so yin hakan. Shima akwai ka’idar da ke wannan aiki a wannan kogo); sai kuma Port 220 (ita wannan kogo takan yi aiki biyu ne; aikawa da kuma karba. Ita ma tana nan da nata ka’idar da ke wannan aiki). To wasu ka’idoji ne ke wannan aiki?
Ka’idojin Aikawa da Karban Imel (E-mail Protocols)
A yau dai na tabbata mai karatu baya bukatan sai mun sake sanar dashi abinda Ka’idar Kwamfuta ko kuma Porotocols ke nufi, saboda maimaicin da muka ta yi wajen kawo ma’anar wannan kalma. Illa dai mu ce: E-mail Protocols su ne ka’idojin da ke taimakawa wajen aikawa da kuma karban sakonnin Imel a tsakanin kwamfutoci. Su ma ginannun ka’idoji ne da ake tsofa su ko dai a cikin manhajan Imel, a yayin da ake ginawa, ko kuma a cikin ruhin kwamfuta, kamar yadda bayanai suka gabata a makonni biyu da suka wuce. Alal hakika akwai ka’idojin aikawa da kuma karban sakonnin Imel da dama, amma shahararru kuma nagartattu daga cikinsu guda biyar ne: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), da Post Office Protocol (POP3) da Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), da Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), da kuma Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Ga takaitattun bayanai nan kan kowanne daga cikinsu:
Simple Mail Transfer protocol (SMTP)
Wannan ita ce ka’idar da ke lura da aikawa da sakonnin Imel daga kwamfutar da aka aika zuwa wacce aka aika mata, ba tare da wata matsala ba. Idan mai karatu bai mance ba, a kasidar da ta gabata mun sanar da cewa wannan ka’ida ta Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) na cikin ka’idojin da ke zango na bakwai a tsarin aikawa da sakonni tsakanin kwamfutoci, watai Layer 7, wacce ake ma lakabi da Application Layer. A wannan zango ne mai aikawa da sakon Imel zai ayyana adireshin wanda yake son aika masa da sako, ita kuma SMTP ta bi diddigi wajen cika aikinta. Kowace kwamfuta na da wannan ka’ida ta SMTP, don haka ita ba a cikin manhajan Imel ake samunta ba kadai. Kuma ita ce ke boye cikin Port 25, cikin kogunan da ke da hakkin sadarwa ta Imel kamar yadda bayani ya gabata a sama. Da zaran ka matsa alamar “Send” sai sakonka ya fice ta wannan kogo, zuwa inda aka aike shi.
Post Office Protocol (POP3)
Wannan ginanniyar ka’ida ce da ake samu a kusan dukkan manhajan Imel, kuma babban aikinta shine taimakawa wajen budo sakon da ka’idar SMTP ta cillo. Hakan kuma na faruwa ne da zaran ka shigar da Suna da kuma Kalmar Izinin Shiganka (Username & Password), wadanda dasu ne Uwar Garken zata iya sheda ka. Wannan ka’ida na makale ne cikin Port 110, watau kogon da ke taimakawa wajen budo sakonnin da zaran ka bukace su.
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
Wannan ka’ida ta IMAP ita ma aikinta daya ne da ka’idar POP3, duk da yake idan ka samu manhajan Imel irinsu Mozilla Thunderbird wacce ke dauke da wannan ka’ida, zaka samu ta kumshi ka’idar aikawa da sakonnin Imel, watau Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMPT), wanda kuma da shi ne take aikawa da sakonni zuwa wasu manhajojin Imel din. Misali, idan ina son aikawa da sakon Imel ta jakar Yahoomail! dina, bana bukatar sai naje gidan yanar sadarwan Yahoomail, sam ko kadan. Kawai kiran manhajan Thunderbird zan yi, sai in lodo dukkan sakonnin da nake dasu a Yahoomail, in kama karantawa. Da zaran na bukaci mayar ma wani da jawabi (Reply), sai kawai inje allon rubutun Thunderbird, watau Compose, sai in rubuta in kuma aika da sakon. Don haka a kogon ka’idar IMAP, akwai ka’idar SMTP. Kuma wannan ka’ida na amfani ne da Port 220, don karba da kuma aikawa da sakonnin Imel.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Wannan ita ce gamammiyar ka’idar budo bayanai ta hanyar fasahar Intanet. Mun kuma kawo ta ne saboda nasabar da ke cikin aikawa da sakonni ta hanyar Intanet, musamman ga manhajojin Imel irinsu Yahoomail!, Gmail, Hotmail da sauransu. Duk lokacin da ka tashi karanta sakonnin Imel dinka da ke Yahoomail, dole ne kaje gidan yanar sadarwan ta da ke http://mail.yahoo.com. hakan kuma bazai yiwu maka ba sai ta hanyar Rariyar Lilo da Tsallake-tsallake, watau Browser, wanda ke dauke da wannan ka’ida ta Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Sai da wannan ka’ida zaka iya budo kowane irin gidan yanar sadarwa ta hanyar Rariyar Lilo da Tsallake-tsallake. Wannan ka’ida na da alaka ne da manhajojin Imel da ke gidajen yanar sadarwa kadai.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Wannan ka’ida ta TCP ita ce mai hada alaka tsakanin kwamfuta da wata kwamfuta ‘yar uwanta wajen sadarwa ko karban sako, kowane iri ne kuwa. Don haka idan ka aika da sako, da zaran ya iso zangon da ke dauke da wannan ka’ida ta TCP, watau Transport Layer da ke Layer 5, sai ta jibinci al’amarinsa wajen isarwa. Wannan ka’ida alakarta ya shafi dukkan manhajojin Imel ne gaba daya. Muddin wani sako zai fita daga wata kwamfuta zuwa wata, to dole ne ka’idar TCP ta san me ye kalansa, kuma ina ya dosa. Wadannan su ne ka’idojin da ke taimakawa wajen sadarwa a tsakanin kwamfutoci wajen aikawa da karban sakonnin Imel.
Kammalawa
Daga karshe, a bayyane yake cewa tsarin mu’amala tsakanin kwamfutoci wani abu ne da ke tattare da ka’idoji masu taimakawa wajen yin hakan; wadanda kuma ko dai suna cakude ne cikin manhajan Imel ko kuma a narke cikin kwakwalwan kwamfutar da ke aikawa ko karban sakonnin. Manya daga cikin wadanan ka’idoji kuwa sune Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), Post Office Protocol (POP3), da kuma Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP). A mako mai zuwa in Allah Ya yarda, zamu samu bayanai ne kan tsarin sadarwa a tsakanin wayar salula da zangon da ke lura da tsarin sadarwan. Ina mika sakon gaisuwata ga dukkan masu karatu. Allah sa mu yi Sallah lafiya, ya kuma karbi dukkan ayyukanmu na gari, amin. BARKA DA SALLAH!
Abdullahi Salihu Abubakar (Baban Sadiq)
Off Lagos Crescent, Anguwar Hausawa,
Garki II, Abuja. 08034592444
Fasaha2007@yahoo.com
http://fasahar-intanet.blogspot.com, http://babansadiq.blogspot.com
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