Friday, March 14, 2008

Fasahar Sadarwa ta "Infra-Red"

Gabatarwa

A yau mun dawo don ci gaba da bayani kan tsarin sadarwa ta wayar iska, inda zamu yi bayani kan wani tsari, makamancin tsarin da ya gabata na Bluetooth. Wannan tsari shine tsarin sadarwa ta amfani da fasahar sadarwa ta Infra-red. Kamar tsarin sadarwa ta Bluetooth, Infra-red ya kunshi tsarin sadarwa ne daga wani kayan fasahar sadarwa zuwa wani, amma a iya tazaran da bai kai na Bluetooth ba. A yau zamu ji tarihin wannan tsari ; yaushe ya samu, me da me ake yi dashi, yaya tsarin ke kasancewa, wasu irin kayayyakin fasahar sadarwa ne ke amfani dashi, kuma me ye alakar da ke tsakanin fasahar sadarwa ta Bluetooth, da na Infra-red ? Idan mai karatu na tare damu, duk zai samu wadannan bayanai cikin yardan Ubangiji. A biyo mu :

Ma’ana da Tarihin Infra-red

Kalmar Infra-red, kalma ce mai dauke da bangarori biyu ; bangaren farko shine Infra ; na biyun kuma Red. Wannan tasa a galibin wurare zaka ga ana sanya alamar ‘dash’ a tsakani, watau a rubuta Infra-Red, maimakon Infrared, kamar yadda muka saba fada da rubutawa a lokaci guda. Ko a cikin kamus din turanci da galibin manyan littafan kimiyyar fasahar sadarwa ta zamani, sukan raba kalmomin da alamar da ke nuna cewa bangare biyu take kumshe dashi. To me wannan kalma ke nufi ? Bangaren farko watau Infra, kalma ce da aka tsakuro daga harshen Latin, kuma yana nufin “kasa da” wani abu, a misali. Shi kuma bangare na biyu, watau Red, kalma ce ta turanci, wacce ke nufin “launi ja”. Kenan, abinda Kalmar Infrared ke nufi shine: kasa da launi ja! Wannan fassara ce ta zahiri. Amma a fasahance idan aka ce Infra-red, ana nufin hanyar sadarwa ta zamani wacce ke amfani da makamashin harske kasa da launin ja, mai dumi, da ke taimakawa wajen sadarwa a tsakanin kayayyakin fasahar sadarwa na zamani. An kuma siffata wannan nau’in haske ne da Infra, saboda kwayan ido baya iya tsinkayarsa. Ba kamar sauran nau’in haske irin na rana da muke tsinkaya har mu ji ya ishe mu ba. An gano tasirin wannan yanayi ko makamashin haske ne shekaru dari biyu da suka gabata, inda aka lura da cewa akwai wani tasiri mai amfani da ke taimakawa wajen gano abubuwa da dama ; daga aikawa da sauti zuwa gano darajar yanayi ; daga gano cututtuka zuwa aikawa da sakonni ; daga daukan hoto zuwa magance cututtuka, duk ta amfani da haske da ke samuwa a wannan sararin samaniya da Allah Ya hore mana !

Asali da Bunkasar Makamashin Infra-red

Tsarin gudun haske da maimaituwar sa da ke samuwa a sararin samaniya, watau Electromagnetic Wave, na da bangarori biyar ko shida, kuma kowanne daga cikin su na da nashi aiki wajen taimaka ma dan Adam yin wani abu da zai amfane shi (idan ya binciko kenan ko gane hakan), ko kuma iya cutar dashi, idan ya shantake yaki bincikan tasirin wannan haske dake darsuwa a muhallin sa a kullum. Banganren farko shine tsarin haske mai dumi na lantarki mai takaitaccen maimaituwa, amma mai cin dogon zango wajen aikawa da sako na sauti. Wannan shi ake kira Radio Waves, kuma dashi ne ake iya aikawa da shirye-shiryen gidajen rediyo da talabijin da kuma shi ne har wa yau, ake amfani wajen gina na’urar hangen nesa da ke dukkan filayen jirgin sama, watau Radars. Yana daukan dogon zango, amma yana da takaitaccen maimaituwa, watau Frequency rate. Sai kuma mai biye masa, watau tsarin haske mai tattare da dumi, mai taimakawa wajen dafe-dafe, kuma da wannan tsari ake amfani wajen tsara na’urar dumama abinci da sauran kayayyakin makulashe,watau Microwaves. Sai kuma na uku, wanda haske ne da ke tattare da dumi da kuma launi, amma kamar sauran tsarin hasken da suka gabata, dan Adam ba ya iya ganinsu da idon sa; kasa suke da ganin sa, sai dai kawai ya ji su. Wannan shine tsarin hasken da ake kira Infra-red, kuma ana amfani dashi wajen yin abubuwa da dama, ciki hard a aikawa da sakonni a tsakanin kayayyakin sadarwa na zamani. Sai tsarin haske na gaba shine wanda ya kumshi launuka bakwai da ake dasu a Bakan Gizo, watau Rainbow (Red, Orange, Blue, Yellow, Green, Indigo & Violet). Wannan nau’in haske shine hakikan haske da muke samu daga rana amma wanda ke riskan mu a wannan duniya da muke ciki; tataccen haske kenan, watau Visible Light. Bayan wannan sai kuma nau’in haske mai tsanani da ke samuwa daga rana; gundarin hasken kenan, wanda ke fitowa kai tsaye daga rana. Ba halittar da zata iya jure masa. Wannan shi ake kira Ultraviolet Light, kuma yana da saurin maimaituwa wajen isa ga abinda ya hasko, mai cin gajeren zango. Idan ya fito daga rana, akwai dabaka-dabaka da Allah Yai masa a sararin samaniya da ke tace shi, ya takaita mana haske da zafin sa zuwa nau’in hasken da muke iya rayuwa cikin sa. Sai kuma hasken na’urar bincike ko hango cututtuka da ke jikin dan Adam ko halittu, watau X-Ray Machine. Wannan nau’in haske ne da ke cin gajeren zango, mai saurin maimaituwa don ya darkake duk abinda aka haska shi gareshi. Da shi ake hasko illolin da ke damun mu galibi a asibitocin mu; dashi ake hango jarirai da lura da halin da suke ciki. Wadannan, a takaice, su ne tsarin gudun haske da maimaituwansa da muke mu’amala dasu a sararin wannan duniya da muke ciki. Kada mu shagala, bayani muke kan tsarin fasahar sadarwa ta Infra-red.

An fara amfani da wannan nau’in sadarwa ne a kayayyakin fasahar sadarwa cikin shekarar 1994, amma kafin nan, ana amfani dashi ne wajen kera na’uran hangen nesa, da wajen magance cututtuka da kuma daukan hotuna daga sararin samaniya. Haka ma na’urar Remote Control da muke amfani da ita wajen sarrafa akwatin talabijin mu, duk da makamashin Infra-red aka gina ta. A takaice ma dai, bayanai sun nuna cewa an yi amfani da makamashin Infra-red cikin yake-yaken da aka yi ta gwabzawa a yakin duniya na biyu. Hukumar da ta kirkiro wannan tsari a kayan fasahar sadarwa kuma ita ce Infra-red Development Association (IrDA). A halin yanzu an shigar da nau’in fasahar Infra-red cikin kayayyakin fasahar sadarwa irin su wayar salula; kana iya aikawa da sakonnin lambobin waya da katittika daga wayar ka zuwa wayar abokin ka; kana iya aikawa da hotanni, da kuma jakunkunan sauti na wakoki ko karatuttuka da sauran bayanai. Haka ma an shigar da wannan nau’in sadarwa cikin na’urar daukan hoto ta zamani (Digital Camera). Bayan ka dauki hotuna, kana iya aikawa da su ta wannan hanya; kana iya aikawa dasu cikin kwamfutar ka, ko kuma na’urar sawwara hotuna ko bayanai, watau Scannin Machine, don ta bugo maka su waje ka gani. Haka na’urar sawwara hotuna daga maaddan su ta asali zuwa bayanai na haske, watau Scannin Machine, tana dauke da wannan fasaha, kuma kana iya shirya alaka tsakanin ta da kwamfutarka, don aika mata da hotuna ko bayanai ta sawwara maka su nan take.. Har way au, akwai wannan fasahar sadarwa cikin kusan dukkan kwamfuta ta zamani, kuma zaka iya hada alakar sadarwa tsakaninsu.

Tsarin Sadarwa

Sabanin fasahar Bluetooth, sadarwa a tsakanin kayayyakin fasahar sadarwa masu dauke da makamashin Infra-red ya sha banban. Ba a bukatar doguwar tazarar da ta gota taku uku, ko kuma mita guda, watau 1meter. Wannan shi yayi daidai da digiri talatin (30 Degrees). Har way au, fasahar Infra-red na iya aiwatar da sadarwa ne idan ya zama babu wani shamaki komai kankantar sa tsakanin kayayyakin sadarwa biyu. Idan akwai shamaki, ko da na kaurin yadin riga ne, sadarwa bat a yiwuwa. Amma sabanin yadda muka dauka, cewa sai an hada wayar salula jiki-jiki kafin a iya aikawa da sako ta Infra-red, ba haka abin yake ba. Idan an yi haka ba komai, amma ba ka’ida bace cewa dole sai ta haka za a iya sadarwa. Har way au, fasahar sadarwa ta Infra-red ta dara Bluetooth a wurare da dama; baka bukatar sai ka nemi abokin huldan ka ta hanyar barbaran wayar salularsa, a a. Da zaran ya kunna tasa shikenan. Amma Bluetooth dole ne ka bata lokaci wajen neman abokin hulda da kuma barbaran wayar sa. Haka na’urar Infra-red ta fi gaugawa wajen sadar da bayanai, wannan tasa zaka iya aikawa da bayanai masu mizani mai yawa cikin kankanin lokaci, sabanin Bluetooth uwar saibi da nawa; duk kwaskwariman da ake ta mata shekara-shekara. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ka’idar da ke taimaka ma Infra-red sadarwa, watau Very Fast Infra-red Protocol (VIFR Protocol) ta shallake wacce ke isar ma Bluetooth, nesa ba kusa ba. A daya bangaren kuma, wannan bai sa Bluetoth ta gaza ba kwata-kwata; sadarwa ta Bluetooth ba ta bukatar dole sai masu sadarwa na tsaye cif, ba motsi. Kana iya kunna Bluetooth dinka, ka sanya cikin aljihu, ka ci gaba da harkokin ka alhali wani na karban sako daga gareka. Haka fasahar Bluetooth ba ta saurara ma wani shamaki; ko da shamaki ko babu, kana iya aiwatar da sadarwa kai tsaye. Ka ga kowa da nashi maziyyar kenan. A cewan masana ci gaban fasahar sadarwa ta zamani, zai yi wahala wani ya doke wani daga kasuwa. Domin kowanne cikin su na da nashi siffa wacce abokin mukabalar sa ba shi da ita. A takaice dai kowanne na da fagen sa, kuma zasu ci gaba da habbaka lokaci-lokaci, iya gwargwadon yadda bincike ko mu’amala da su ya kama.

Kammalawa

A halin yanzu na san masu karatu sun fahimci tsarin da wadannan kebantattun hanyoyin sadarwa ke bi wajen aikawa da kuma karban sakonni. A mako mai zuwa za mu kawo bayanai, daya na bin daya, kan babban cutar da ke damun masu rike da kwamfutoci a duniya, musamman cikin wannan zamani da muke ciki. Idan akwai sakonnin neman karin bayani a rubuto ta 0803459244, ko kuma a aiko da sakon Imel kai tsaye ta fasaha2007@yahoo.com. Idan ba a gaji da lilo da giza-gizan sadarwa ta Intanet ba, a iya kai mana ziyara a Mudawwanar da muka bude ma wannan shafi da ke: http://fasahar-intanet.blogspot.com. A ci gaba da kasancewa tare da mu.

1 comment:

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