Matashiya
A makon da ya gabata idan masu karatu basu mance ba, mun kawo bayanai kan tsarin da masu tashoshin talabijin suke bi ne wajen yada shirye-shiryensu, da kuma nau’ukan shirye-shiryen da suke da su a shafukan Intanet. Wannan mako, kamar yadda muka yi alkawari, zamu dubi hanyar sadarwa ta jarida ce da mujallu da suka mamaye giza-gizan sadarwa ta Intanet, kamar wutar daji. Har wa yau, za mu dubi irin tsarin da suke bi wajen yada labarai da kasidu da makaloli. Idan shafuka basu mana halinsu ba, zamu kawo wasu daga cikin jaridun da ke da shafukan yanar gizo a Intanet.
Tsarin Yada Labaru
Da farko dai, yana da kyau masu karatu su san cewa hanyar sadarwa ta Jaridu da Mujallu na daga cikin dadaddun nau’in hanyar sadarwa da suka fara saduwa da wannan sabuwa kuma gamammiyar hanyar sadarwa mai suna Intanet. Wannan ya faru ne saboda tsananin tasirinsu wajen isar da sako cikin sauki da kuma gamewa. A halin yanzu, kusan kamfanonin yada labaru daidai ne a duniya basu mallaki gidan yanar sadarwa ta Intanet ba a duniya. Hanyoyin da suke bi wajen yada labaru a Intanet sun sha banban da sauran nau’ukan fasahar sadarwa da muka kawo bayanansu a baya.
Da zaran ka shigo gidajen yanar sadarwarsu, ba abinda zaka fara gani sai labaru, yadda ka san dai ka dauko jarida ce tabbatacciya. Za ka samu kanun labarai daki-daki, a tsarin rariyar likau (links), da zaran ka matsa, za a kaika inda cikakken labarin yake. Har wa yau, zaka samu babban labari (editorial) da rahotanni da kuma makaloli da masu aiko musu da rahotanni suke aiko musu.
Bayan haka, suna da rumbun adana kasidun baya (archives) in da zaka samu rahotannin baya da kuma kasidu da makaloli. A wasu gidajen yanar sadarwa na jaridun Turai ko Amurka misali, samun kasidu ko makalolin baya abu ne mai wuya, sai kayi rajista dasu, ko kuma ka saya, kamar dai yadda mai karatu ya ji tsarin sayar da wasu shirye-shirye na talabijin ko rediyo a makonnin da suka gabata. Idan kaje gidan yanar sadarwa ta jaridar The Washington Post (Amurka), ko na The New York Times (Amurka) ko kuma na Guardian Unlimited (Ingila) misali, duk zaka samu basu bayar da makalolin da ke gidajen yanar yanar sadarwansu, kyauta, sai ka saya. Wannan na faruwa ne saboda su can kusan komai sai da kudi. Wannan na daga cikin tsarin jari-hujjan da suke kai, a fannin tattalin arzikin kasa. Bayan haka, akwai labaru da rahotanni cikin hotuna masu motsi (video) da ma marasa motsi (images). Haka gidajen yanar sadarwa na jaridun Nijeriya, su ma haka tsarinsu yake. Sai dai dan abin da ba a rasa ba. Misali, galibin su basu da manyan rumbuna na adana kasidun baya, balle a ce maka sai ka saya. Don haka idan ka samu wani kasida sabo, yana da kyau ka buga (print) ko adana shi a kwamfutar ka (save) in kuwa ba haka ba, idan ka dawo ba za ka same shi ba.
Kamfanonin jarida na Intanet na samun kudaden shiga sosai ta hanyar tallace-tallace (advertisements). Idan ka shiga gidajen yanar sadarwansu zaka ga haka sosai. Har wa yau, wani abinda galibin su suka shahara dashi shine, duk lokacin da ka shiga gidajen yanar sadarwansu, zaka samu labarun lokacin da ake ciki, na kusa-kusa (latest news and reports). Wannan yafi yawa ga jaridun kasashen Turai, in da suke lura da dukkan abinda ke faruwa, kuma suke aiko da rahotanni kan haka, nan take. A jaridun Nijeriya ma akwai masu wannan kokari. Daga karshe, ga dukkan wanda ya mallaki hanyar saduwa ta fasahar Intanet, zai ji dadin samun labarai a dunkule wuri daya, kuma cikin sauki ba tare da ka kashe ko kwabonka ba. Matsalar dai daya ce ; ba za ka iya buga (print) dukkan labaran da kake so bane cikin dadi. Idan kuma kana bukatar binciko kasidun baya ne, duk zaka samu manhajar Matambayi Ba Ya Bata (Search Engine) da zai taimaka maka yin hakan cikin sauki.
Neman Shafukan Jaridu a Intanet
Wannan shine abu mafi sauki, sabanin nau’ukan sadarwan da suka gabata. A Intanet akwai inda zaka samu adireshin dukkan jaridun da ke Nijeriya ko arewacinta, idan kana so. Idan ba a manta ba, mun yi wannan bayani a makalar Ziyartan Gidajen Yanar Sadarwa, in da muka zo bayani kan gidan yanar sadarwa ta Gamji.com. Wannan gidan yanar sadarwa mahada ce babba, wacce ta kumshi dukkan hanyar da za ta sadar da kai da gidajen yanar sadarwan jaridun da ke Intanet a duniya ma, ba Nijeriya ko arewacinta kadai ba. Duk labarun ko kanun labarum da ke wannan gidan yanar sadawa, ta tsarin rariyar likau, za su isar da kai ne zuwa asalin shafin jaridar da ke dauke da cikakken labarin, cikin sauki. Har wa yau, idan ka samu kusan dukkan jaridun da ke Nijeriya zaka samu adireshin su da ke giza-gizan sadarwa ta Intanet., hada har da mujallun da ake dasu. Wasu daga cikin su su ne: The Sun (http://www.sunnewsonline.com), Daily Trust (http://www.dailytrust.com), New Nigerian (http://www.newnigeriannews.com), Gaskiya Ta fi Kwabo (http://www.newnigeriannews.com/gaskiya/index.htm), Mujallar Fim (http://www.mujallar-fim.com). Har wa yau, idan na kasashen waje ne, ga su Guardian Unlimited (http://www.guardian.co.uk) da ke Landan, Ingila. Sai mujallar The Economist (http://www.economist.com). Ga kuma su The Washington Post (http://www.thewashingtonpost.com) na kasar Amurka. Da jaridar New York Times (http://www.nytimes.com), ita da ma da ke kasar Amurka. Idan muka koma kasashen Larabawa da ke Gabas-ta-Tsakiya, za mu samu jaridar Okaz (http://www.okaz.com.sa) shahararriyar jaridar da ke fitowa daga kasar Saudiyyah a duk mako. Sai irin su Tishreen (http://www.tishereen.info), wacce ke fitowa ita ma duk mako daga kasar Syria. A takaice dai, kusan dukkan jaridun da ke yada labarai zaka samu suna da gidajen yanar sadarwa mai zaman kansa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda saukin mu’amalar da wannan fasaha ta Intanet ke dauke da ita. Idan kana neman adireshin wani shafin jarida da kake tunanin tana da shafi a Intanet kuma baka san adireshi ko cikakken adireshi shafin ba, ko dai kaje Gamji.com, ko kuma ka gudanar da tambaya a Google.com, cikin sauki.
Tsarin Gidan Yanar Sadarwa
A gidajen yanar sadarwan yada labaru ta jaridu, akwai masarrafa ko manhajoji da ake amfani dasu wajen taskance labaru da kasidun da ake zubawa don masu ziyara da karantawa. Kusan dukkan gidajen, zaka samu suna da sassaukan hanyar yawo a cikin dakunan gidan, watau Navigational Tools. Suna da rumbuna wajen taskance bayanai, watau Archives. Sannan idan kana son labarun da suka shafi hotuna masu motsi (na bidiyo), sai kana da manhajan da zai taimaka maka, kamar yadda bayanai suka gabata a makonnin da suka gabata. Ire-iren wadannan manhajoji kuwa sun hada da Real Player, Macromedia Flash Player, Quick Time Player, ko kuma Media Player, a wasu lokutan. Bayanai kan yadda ake sarrafa su kuwa sun gabata a makonnin baya.
Kammalawa
A karshe, a tabbatace yake cewa nau’ukan sadarwa da ke Intanet sun samu wata sabuwar kasuwa ce ta yada labaru da shirye-shiryen su, kuma a ga dukkan alamu wacce ta fi kowacce shahara da samun nasibi a cikinsu it ace hanyar yada labaru ta jarida da mujallu. A mako mai zuwa za mu jula akala zuwa wani bangaren kuma na fasahar Intanet. Don Allah idan an samu kura-kurai kan tsari ko kuma sahihancin bayan da muke jefowa, a rinka tayar da mu. Duk dan Adam ajizi ne. Muna kuma mika sakon gaisuwarmu ga dukkan masu aiko sakonnin gaisuwa da ban gajiya. Allah Ya saka da alheri, amin.
Abdullahi Salihu Abubakar (Baban Sadiq)
Off Lagos Crescent, Unguwar Hausawa,
Garki II, Abuja.
080 34592444 fasaha2007@yahoo.com
http://fasahar-intanet.blogspot.com
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