Kimiyya da Fasahar Sadarwa!: Kwarewa a Fannin Fasahar Sadarwa (1)

Gabatarwa

Bayan zama don waiwaye a makon da ya gabata, a yau zamu bude wani sabon shafi, don canza salon tafiya cikin abinda ya shafi wannan ilimi na fasahar sadarwa na zamani. Idan mai karatu bai manta ba, a wancan kasida ta “Waiwaye Adon Tafiya” ne muka yi alkawarin fara kawo kasidu kan hanyoyin kwarewa kan fasahar sadarwa; watau yadda za a yi mai karatu ya samu wani fanni don kwarewa a cikinsa, in ma ta kama ka rike wannan fanni a matsayin sana’a. Wannan zango da muka faro a halin yanzu zai yi tsawo; zamu kawo kasidu nau’i daban-daban har guda goma sha biyu, don yin bayani kan wadannan hanyoyi da kuma fannonin da ke cikin wannan bangare mai tashe a wannan zamani. Kafin mu yi nisa, zan so mai karatu ya fahimci cewa kwarewa kan duk abinda ka samu kan ka kana mai yi a kullum, yana da muhimmanci, don baka san inda zai dangana da kai ba. Duk da yake galibi mun fara karanta wannan shafi ne don sha’awa, a tabbace yake yanzu cewa da dama cikin mu mun fahimci muhimmancin wannan fanni har mun fara koyon kwamfuta. Na samu sakonnin masu karatu da dama da ke sanar dani cewa sanadiyyar wadannan kasidu da suke karantawa, sun wayi gari suna masu sha’awan wannan fanni, kuma ma har makarantar kwamfuta suka shiga. Wasu kuma suna rubutowa ko bugowa don neman shawara kan fannin da yafi dacewa su kware a kai. In haka ne, ashe wannan ke nuna tasirin abinda ake karantawa a wannan shafi mai albarka. Wannan tasa na ga cewa, tunda har an kai ga shiga makaranta don koyon kwamfuta, to ashe akwai watakilancin wata rana ana iya daukan wannan fanni a matsayin haryar tafiyar da rayuwa ko dogaro. Wannan zai tilasta ma dukkan wanda ya dauki wannan hanya a matsayin rayuwa irin ta sana’a, ya kware kan abinda yake yi, don inganta aikinsa. Har wa yau, kowa da irin fannin da yafi bashi sha’awa; wani yafi son yaji ana Magana kan tsara Mudawwana (Blog), wani kuma kan Gidajen Yanar Sadarwa (Websites), wani kan Hanyar Wasikar Sadarwa watau Imel (Email), wani shi ba abinda yake so illa ya kware kan hanyar Gina Gidan Yanar Sadarwa (Web Design), wani kuma abinda ya shafi wayar salula da karikitanta, da dai sauransu. To ko ma dai mene ne, ba abinda zai sa ka kware sai in ka dauki hanyar da kafi sha’awa kuma ka mayar da hankali a kai. Tabbas, bamu taru mun zama daya ba. Wannan na daga cikin hikimar halitta da Allah Yai amfani da ita. Da ace an wayi gari dukkan mutane sun ginu a kan iyawa ko kwarewa ne kan abu daya, to babu wata hikima wajen halittar mu launi-launi ko jinsi-jinsi. In kuwa haka ne, ashe duk wani dan Adam Allah Ya mallaka masa wata baiwa wacce ba lalai bane ya zama wani na da ita. Wannan tasa ayyukanmu suka banban ta. A yau zamu yi mukaddima kan shahararrun nau’ukan fannonin da mai karatu zai iya kwarewa a kan su, musamman a wannan kasa tamu Nijeriya. Hakan na da muhimmanci musamman ganin cewa kwararru a wannan fanni sun yi karanci a Arewacin Nijeriya, idan aka kwatanta yawan kwararrun da ake dasu a Kudancin wannan kasa tamu. Bayan nan, zamu karkare bayani da kawo hanyoyin da zasu iya sawwake mana kwarewa kan kowane irin fanni muka zaba.

Nau’ukan Fannin Fasahar Sadarwa

Yana da kyau mai karatu ya san shahararru cikin wadannan fannoni, a takaice. A kasidun gaba zamu rinka daukan su daya bayan daya, muna bayani filla-filla don samun gamsuwa. Da zaran mun kawo karshen wannan zango, ina da tabbacin mai karatu zai samu madafa, ko da kuwa na sha’awan wani fanni ne. Idan ma ya kasa tsayawa a sha’awa kadai, yana iya mayar da kwarewarsa ta zama sana’a, wacce zai rinka cin tuwo da ita. A wasu kasashe tuni wasu suka yi kudi kan haka. Cikin shahararrun fannonin akwai gamammen ilimin kwamfuta da manhajojinta da kuma alakar ta da sauran hanyoyin sadarwa, watau ilimin da a Turance ake kira Computer Science & Education. Galibi akan yi digiri ne akai, wanda hakan ke samuwa daga jami’a. Idan mutum ya ga dama, yana iya ci gaba don yin digirgir, ya zama kwararre kan wani fanni da bayaninsa zai zo nan gaba. Haka kana iya zama mai karantarwa a wannan fanni, ko ka ma hada dukkan biyun. Sai fannin Desktop Publishing, watau fannin da ya kunshi kwarewa kan iya sarrafa manhajar kwamfuta wajen rubutu da zane da buga littafai ko abinda ya danganci hakan. Galibi zaka samu masu wannan kwarewa sun bude shago ne, sun zuba kwamfutoci, ana aikin bugawa da dabba’a bayanai, da kuma sawwara su. Wannan sana’a ce mai matukar muhimmanci, wacce bata bukatar sai ka samu digiri kafin ka shige ta. Sai fannin Database Administration, watau bangaren ilimin adanawa da kuma taskance bayanai a kwamfuta, shima yana da kyau. Sai kuma Programming, wanda tuni muka sha bayani a kanshi. Wannan shine ilimin ginawa da kuma tsara manhajojin kwamfuta. Masu wannan ilimi su suke busa ma kwamfuta da karikitanta rai, har ta fara motsi. Sai danginsu, watau Software Engineers. Wannan fanni kusan daya yake da wanda ya gabace shi, babancin su kadan ne. A fannin Software Engineering, zaka gina manhaja ne, ka tsara shi, ka gwada shi ka rubuta dukkan bayanan suka dangance shi, sannan ka tallata shi. Dankari! Sai kuma System/Hardware Maintenance, watau fannin da ke lura da gyaran kwamfuta. Kamar dai yadda muke da masu gyaran rediyo da talabijin. Sai kuma Web Design & Maintenance. Wannan fanni ya kunshi gina gidan yanar sadarwa ne da kuma lura dashi. Shi ma sana’a ne mai kyau da martaba. Na gaba shine Network Administration, watau ilimin hada alaka tsakanin kwamfuta da ‘yar uwanta, da kuma lura da duk abinda zai iya yanke wannan alaka. Sai bangaren E-commerce, wanda ya kunshi saye da sayarwa ta hanyar Intanet ko ta amfani da duk wani hanya da ya shafi kayan fasahar sadarwa na zamani. Idan muka cilla gaba kuma zamu samu Kwararru kan rubutu a fannin fasahar sadarwa. Wannan fanni na da muhimmanci, don da bazan wadannan kwararru ne kowane fanni na ilimi ke takama. Zaka iya zama marubuci kan fasahar sadarwa har abada. A kasidar karshe zamu samu bayanai kan kwarewa a fannin Phone Repairs and Maintenance. Wannan fanni tuni wasu suka yi tashe a cikin sa. Ya kuma kunshi kwarewa ne kan gyarawa da kuma lura da wayoyin salula, a kanikance. Dukkan wadannan fannoni na da muhimmanci musamman a wannan zamani da muke ciki na yaduwar su. Babu wanda zai kallafa maka kwarewa a kan dukkan su a lokaci guda. Amma zaka iya kwarewa a kan a kalla daya daga cikinsu. To me zai iya taimaka maka wajen yin hakan?

Sindaran Kwarewa

A tabbace yake cewa duk wanda ka ga yayi fice a wani fanni na rayuwa, to alal hakika ba haka kawai ya samu wannan martaba ba, sai da ya rasa wasu abubuwa da yake tsananin so, sannan ya samu. Don haka, duk wanda ke son kwarewa a fanni musamman na ilimin fasahar sadarwa na zamani, yana bukatar wasu sinadarai na rayuwa, wadanda zasu taimaka masa wajen yin hakan. Yana kuma da kyau ya san cewa, iya gwargwadon himmar sa wajen bin wadannan dokoki na rayuwa, iya gwargwadon kwarewarsa. Ga wasu daga cikin halayen da muke bukatar dabi’antuwa da su, don cin nasara a kowane fanni ne muka dauka:

Sha’awa:

Wannan shine babban garkuwa da mai karatu yake bukata. Sha’awar da nake nufi a nan ita ce abinda ake kira “Interest”, a turance. Ya zama kana son yin abin, kuma kana kulawa da irin ci gaban da kake samu lokaci lokaci. Domin idan baka da sha’awa, to babu yadda za a yi ka rinka kulawa. Kada ka damu cewa “ai ban taba mu’amala da kwamfuta ba”, duk wannan ba hujja bane. Idan kana da cikakkiyar sha’awa, nan da nan zaka koya. Shekaru shida da suka gabata ko kusa da kwamfuta bana yi, saboda tsaban tsoro. A kullum gani nake kamar idan na taba jikin kwamfutar, lalata ta zan yi. Na fara gina sha’awa na ne lokacin da nake ta mu’amala da gidajen rediyon BBC da Deuschewelle dake Jamus, da irin su Voice of America. Nakan ji suna ambaton adireshin Imel dinsu, ni kuma ba a abinda na fi bukata a rayuwa illa in aika da sako, ya isa cikin gaggawa. Don haka wata rana sai na rubuta sako zuwa ga BBC Sashen Turanci (The Learning Zone), na samu wata baiwar Allah da ke sashin kwamfuta a ofishinmu ta aika musu. Sai ta dinga min yanga. Har sai da na harzuka. Daga lokacin na yanke shawaran koyan kwamfuta da shiga Intanet. Ba a dauki lokaci mai tsawo ba Allah Yai mani muwafaka. A yanzu bana iya kwana ba tare da nayi shaukin taba kwamfuta ko shiga Intanet ba. Ya zama kamar jinin jiki na. duk wannan ba komai ya kawo haka ba, sai tsaban sha’awa da nake dashi kan hakan. Ban taba zuwa makaranta don koyon ilimi da aiki da kwamfuta ba, balle yadda ake mu’amala da Intanet. Don haka, idan mai karatu ya gina sha’awarsa kan fannin da yake sha’awa, ina tabbatar masa cewa nan ba da jimawa ba zai samu bakin zaren.

Karatu da Aiki Da Shi:

Abinda ilimin kwamfuta da Fasahar Intanet ke bukata bayan sha’awa, shi ne aiki da abinda ka karanta. Domin idan baka aikata abubuwan da kake karantawa, to zai yi wahala ka iya komai a harkan. Domin shi wani fanni ne wanda karantunsa ke rataye da aiki. A wasu lokuta ma zaka samu aikin ya fi karatun yawa. Babu abinda zaka koya a harkan Kwamfuta da Intanet ba tare da kayi karatu ba; kuma baka iya komai, idan baka kwatanta abinda ka karanta ba. Don dole ne mai karatu ya rinka kwatanta ilmummukan da yake koyo. Wannan ne zai bashi daman auna ilminsa kan abinda yake karantawa. Duk inda ya cije, sai yayi tambaya. Wannan tasa nake zaburar damu kan abinda ya shafi neman bayani cikin dukkan abinda mai karatu ya karanta amma bai fahimta ba. Ko ya koya, amma da yaje aikatawa sai bai samu natija ba. Yin tambaya ne kadai zai wayar maka da kai cikin abinda kake nema. Galibin abubuwan da na tara na ilimi da aiki kan wannan fasaha, ya ta’allaka da tambayoyin da nake yi ne kusan a kullum. Idan abubuwa suka cakude mini, na kan aika ma Farfesa Abdallah Uba Adamu dake Jami’ar Bayero sakon Imel, don neman Karin bayani. Wasu lokuta kuma sai in nemi bayani (Search) ta hanyar Matambayi Ba Ya Bata, watau Search Engine. Don haka, mai karatu ya sa a cikin zuciyarsa cewa dole ne ya aikata abinda ya koya, kuma duk inda ya samu matsala, to yayi tambaya. Domin matambayi, inji Hausawa, baya bata – sai dai in bai yi tambayar daidai ba, ko kuma yadda ta dace.

Manufa:

Wannan ya kawo mu kan mataki na gaba, watau manufa. Kafin nan, yana da kyau mai karatu ya san cewa, yadda zuwansa duniya ke da manufa mai karfi, to haka abin yake a bangaren koyo da kwarewa na ilimin fasahar sadarwa, sai ya riki manufa kwakkwara, idan kuwa ba haka ba, sai ya bace. Wannan ya faru ne saboda duniyar Intanet wata irin duniya ce mara badala; babu kyaure, muddin a ciki kake. Kuma yadda kasashen duniya suka kasu kashi-kashi, to haka manufofi da ra’ayoyin mutane suke birjik. A fage irin wannan, idan baka da manufa, sai ka narke cikin rubibi. Samun manufa ya kasu kashi-kashi; manufa wajen lilo da tsallake-tsallake. Wani irin gidan yanan sadarwa zaka ziyarta? Me kake bukata a ciki wajen kwarewa? Duk sai ka tantance. Kafin in karkare wannan bangare, yana da kyau mai karatu ya san cewa yadda dabi’un mutane suka karkasu a rayuwar yau da kullum, to haka ire-iren wadannan dabi’u suke a duniyar Intanet. Idan addini kake so akwai. Idan holewa kake so, akwai mazauninta. Idan neman kudi kake son yi, ta hanyar da ta dace da wacce bata dace ba, duk akwai su. Duk irin abinda kake bukata na dabi’u, baza ka rasa mazauni ba. Don haka nake karfafa Magana kan manufa. Me kaje yi?

Hakuri da Juriya:

Komai dan hakuri ne, musamman idan aka ce ya shafi neman ilmi da aiki da shi. Hakuri ya kasu kashi biyu a Intanet; juriya wajen kamewa daga aikata alfasha. Da kuma juriya wajen dagewa da ganin ka koyi abinda zai amfaneka. Ba za ka san dimbin ilimin da ke makare a giza-gizan sadarwa ta Intanet ba sai ka fara shawagi a wannan fage. Kowane irin ilimi kake son koyo, zaka iya samunsa in Allah Ya yarda. Abinda kake bukata kawai shine sanin abinda kake nema, da kuma inda zaka je ka sameshi. Hakurin da ya fi kowanne shine wanda zaka yi wajen koyon ilimi; ilimin kwamfuta da Fasahar Intanet nake nufi. Domin wani fanni ne dake tsarinsa ke sauyawa kusan a dukkan dakika ko bugun agogo. Yana bukatar a kullum ka rinka mu’amala da shi don sanin irin sauye-sauyen da ke samuwa a kullum. Idan ba haka ba sai ka zama bakauye cikin kankanin lokaci. Domin ana kirkiro sabbin hanyoyin mu’amala da wannan fasaha ne kusan a kullum. Wannan tasa dole mai karatu ya zama mai juriya da hakuri wajen lazimta da mu’amala da kowane irin bangare ne ya kallafa ma kansa koyo. Idan hakan ya zama maka jiki, ba zai rinka damunka ba, in Allah Ya yarda.

Kammalawa:

Dangane da bayanan da suka gabata, na tabbata mai karatu ya dauki mataki kan tsarin da zai bi wajen daukan fannin da yake son kwarewa a kai. Idan haka ya samu, to an yi mai wuyan, duk saura masu sauki ne. A mako mai zuwa, zamu fara kwararo bayanai kan wadannan fannoni, filla-filla, daya na bin daya, insha’Allah. Zamu fara ne da gamammen ilimin kwamfuta, watau Computer Science and Education, har mu kai karshe. Don haka sai a zage damtse wajen sauraro irin na fahimta, don samun karuwa. Duk abinda ba a fahimta ba kuma a rubuto, don neman Karin bayani. Ina kuma mika gaisuwata ga dukkan masu karatu. Sai wani makon.