Shafin “Kimiyya da Fasaha” Ya Canza Take

Na tabbata masu karatu sun lura da sauyin take da aka samu a wannan shafi, daga “Kimiyya da Fasaha” zuwa “Kimiyya da Kere-kere”. Hakan ba kuskure bane na mashin, lokaci ne yayi da ya kamata wannan sauyi ya samu. A takaice ma dai, har wasu cikin masu karatu sun bugo waya don nuna farin cikinsu da wannan canji da aka samu. Duk da haka mun ga dacewar gabatar da fadakarwa da kuma dalilan da suka haddasa hakan.

Wannan shafi dai ya dade yana daukan taken “Kimiyya da Fasaha”. To amma idan mai karatu ya yi la’akari da nau’ukan bayanai ko kasidun da ake bugawa a shafin, zai ga cewa: ko dai bayanai ne kan yadda tsarin kimiyya yake – musamman kimiyyar sararin samaniya (astronomy) – ko kuma bayani kan tsarin kerarrun kayayyakin kimiyya ko fasaha. Ire-iren wadannan kerarrun kayayyaki sun hada da kwamfuta da wayoyin salula, da fasahar Intanet, da tsararrun hanyoyin sana’antawa tare da yada bayanai da dai sauransu. Kamar yadda muka sanar kuma mai karatu zai ci gaba da gani nan ba da dadewa ba, wannan shafi yana kan fadada fannonin bincike ne don dacewa da taken da tun farko aka bashi. Don haka kasidu kan kere-kere a fannin ababen hawa (automobile technology), da jiragen sama da dukkan nau’ukansu, da fannin kimiyyar sinadarai da na sararin samaniya, da kuma bangaren lantarki, duk za a ta cin karo dasu a wannan shafi. Haka ma abinda ya shafi fannin kimiyyar halittu. Fannin da muka yi kokarin kauce masa da gangan dai shine bangaren abinda ya shafi kimiyyar magunguna da yadda ake shansu. Wasu cikin masu karatu sun rubuto tambayoyi don neman shawara kan wasu kwayoyi da yadda ake shansu. Ban basu amsa ba saboda ina tunanin samun lokaci makamancin wannan don fadakarwa, da kuma nuna wa masu karatu iya haddin da wannan shafi ya takaita a kai. Shawarwari kan yadda ake shan magunguna ko tsarin da ya kamata a sha su, ko nau’ukan da suka kamata a sha, duk ba ya cikin hurumin wannan shafi. Akwai shafin Dakta Auwal Bala kan Kiwon Lafiya, wanda kuma ke amsa tambayoyi kan ire-iren wadannan al’amura, cikin ilmi da kwarewa. Sai a doshe shi don samun gamsuwa, tunda a kan haka ya kware.

A takaice dai, idan muka dubi dukkan wadannan kerarrun kayayyakin kimiyya da bayaninsu ya gabata, zamu ga cewa ba su bane “Fasahar”, a a, “sakamakon fasahar ne” – ko kace Technology a turancin zamani. Wannan tasa wasu ke fassara kalmar Technology da “Fasahar Kere-kere”, duk da cewa hakan ma kuskure ne. Abin da yafi dacewa da kalmar shine “kere-kere” kawai. Domin idan muka ce “fasahar kere-kere”, muna siffata nau’in fasahar da aka kera abin ne, ba wai abinda aka kera ba. Wanda mu kuma a wannan shafi muna nufin “wannan shafi ne don fa’idantuwa da bayanan da ke bayyana tsari da kimtsin kere-kere” – watau abinda aka kera su da fasahar kere-kere. Don haka muka canja taken wannan shafi zuwa “Kimiyya da Kere-kere”, kuma dai shine “Science and Technology” din, a harshen turancin zamani. Sai mu bibiyi wadannan kalmomi daya-bayan-daya don fa’idantuwa da sakon da suke bayarwa, a da, da ma wannan zamani da muke ciki.

Kalmar “Kimiyya” asalinta kalmar Larabci ce – daga “Al-Keemiya” - kuma tana da ma’anoni guda biyu, inji Mu’ujamul Waseet, watau daya daga cikin Kamus din Larabci na zamani. Kamus din yace: “Malaman da, ko magabata, suna amfani da wannan kalma ne don nufin canza nau’in ma’adanai daga wani nau’in zuwa wani.” Idan kuma suka ce “Ilmin Kimiyya”, suna nufin “...ilmin sanin yadda ake zagwanyar da sinadaran karkashin kasa ne, don samar da wani nau’in daban (musamman don mayar da su zinare).” Amma a wajen Malaman Zamani, a Larabce idan aka ce “Kimiyya”, in ji wannan Kamus, yana nufin: “...ilmin binciken wani fanni (musamman na karkashin kasa) mai dauke da dokoki (ko ka’idojin) da ke taimakawa wajen fahimtar tsarinsa.” (Mu’ujamul Waseet, shafi na 844). Wannan kalma ce Hausawa suka aro ta, kuma suke fassara ma’anar “Science” da ita, kamar yadda Neil Skinner ya tabbatar a cikin Kamus na Turanci da Hausa, shafi na 156, inda ya kawo kalmar Science, yace: “ilmi irin na zamani (kamar su Kimiyya).” Wannan ke nuna cewa kalmar “Kimiyya” da Hausawa ke nufi, shine ma’anar da kalmar turanci ta Science ke bayarwa, ba wacce ma’anar kalmar Larabci ke bayarwa ba. Wannan kenan.

A daya bangaren kuma, kalmar “Fasaha”, ita ma daga Larabci muka aro ta – asalinta shine: “Al-fasaahatu”, wadda ke nufin “bayyanawa...ko kubutar harshe ko lafuzza daga sarkakiyar zance ko rubutu, mai haddasa wahalar fahimta”, inji Mu’ujamul Waseet, a shafi na 723. A hausance idan aka ce “fasaha”, (dangane da wannan ma’ana da Kamus din ya bayar), ana nufin “bayyanannen abu, wanda babu sarkakiya a ciki ko wahalar fahimta a tare da shi”. A daya bangaren kuma, Kamus din yaci gaba: “Faseehi shine mutum mai kyautata zance, mai bambance kyakkyawa daga mummuna wajen zance.” A nashi bangaren, Al Imam Ibnul Atheer ma haka ya tabbatar a littafinsa mai suna An-Nihaayah fee Gareebil Hadeeth wal Athar, mujalladi na 3, shafi na 403. Ga abinda yace kan kalmar “Faseehi”, siffar mai “Fasaha”: “...(mutum) mai sakakkiyar harshe wajen zance, wanda ya san kyakkyawa daga mummuna.” Dukkan wadannan ma’anoni a Larabce kenan. Amma a harshen Hausa, kamar yadda ma’anar kalmar “’Kimiyya” a Larabce ta sha bamban da ma’anarta a Hausa, to haka ma ma’anar kalmar “Fasaha” ta sha bamban da ma’anarta na Larabci. A cikin Kamus dinsa mai suna Hausa-English Dictionary, shafi na 309, wanda kuma aka buga tun shekarar 1934, Likita Bergery ya kawo ma’anar kalmar “Fasaha” da abinda take nufi a Hausance da kuma Larabce, inda yace: “Fasaha: Cleverness, whether of brain or hand. (But in Arabic = Eloquence).” Kamar yadda sunan Kamus din ya nuna, marubucin kan kawo kalmar Hausa ce, sannan ya fassara ma’anarta a turance. Ya kuma tabbatar da cewa a Hausa kalmar “Fasaha” na nufin “hazaka” ne, wajen tunani ko iya tsara abu da hannu. Amma a Larabce, kamar yadda ya nuna cikin baka biyu, abinda kalmar ke nufi shine “iya tsara zance”, ko “hikima wajen iya magana, ta yadda kowa zai iya fahimta, komai karancin ilminsa.” Wannan kuwa shine abinda ake kira Eloquence a harshen Turanci. Kuma shine ma’anar da dukkan Kamus din Larabci ke bayarwa.

Daga bayanan da suka gabata, a tabbace yake cewa yin amfani da “Kimiyya da Kere-kere” shine abinda yafi dacewa da shafinmu, fiye da kalmar “Kimiyya da Fasaha”. Duk da yake na san masu karatu sun fi sabawa da kalmar “Kimiyya da Fasaha”, saboda saukin fada. Amma a yi hakuri. Daga yanzu taken wannan shafi shine “Kimiyya da Kere-kere”. Mun yi hakan ne don tabbatar da abinda shafin ke tabbatarwa. Na kuma tabbata nan ba da dadewa ba masu karatu zasu saba da wannan sauyi da aka samu.

Mudawwanan Shafin

Kwanakin baya na sanar da masu karatu cewa akwai Mudawwana (Blog) na musamman da na bude don taskance ko adana kasidun da suka shafi Kere-kere, da kuma Ilmin Sararin Samaniya, don amfanin dukkan masu sha’awan wadannan fannoni. Nayi hakan ne don baiwa masu sha’awa samun saukin isa ga kasidun a killace, ba tare da sai an ta jigilar nemansu a wancan Mudawwana ba. Don haka duk mai bukatar kasidun da suka shafi Sararin Samaniya, da fannin Kere-kere, to yaje Zauren Kimiyya da Kere-kere, wanda ke: http://kimiyyah.blogspot.com.

Masu neman bayanai kan abinda ya shafi Fasahar Intanet da Kimiyyar Sadarwa kuma, watau Information Technology, sai su je shafin Makarantar Kimiyya da Fasahar Sadarwa, wanda ke: http://fasahar-intanet.blogspot.com. Idan akwai karin bayani da ake nema, sai a tuntubemu ta hanyoyin da aka saba. Kuma zanyi kokarin ganin cewa na rika sanya adireshin Mudawwanar da ta danganci kasida ko makalar da aka buga a dukkan mako. Don fadakarwa ga masu neman kasidun a Intanet.

Shafin Kimiyya da Kere-kere na mika dubun gaisuwarsa ga dukkan masu karatu, da masu bugo waya don neman karin bayani ko godiya, musamman irinsu Malam Sani Abubakar ‘Yankatsare da ke Jas, da Aliyu Muktar Sa’idu (IT) da ke Kano, da Malam Munzali Jibril da ke Gumel, da Malam (Uncle) Bash da ke Jimeta, da Malam Abbass Ameen, da Malam Khaleel Nasir Kuriwa, Kiru, Kano, da sauran masu karatu da ke Legas da Patakwal da sauran wurare. Allah albarkace ku, ya kuma bar zumunci, amin.

Ruhin Wayar Salula

Ruhin Wayar Salula

A daya bangaren kuma, akwai ruhi ko kace “masarrafa” ko “manhaja” da kowace wayar salula ke dauke da ita. Wannan ruhi, kamar yadda kowane dan Adam yake, ita ce ke sarrafa gangar-jikin da bayanansu ya gabata a makonnin baya. Kamar dai mutum ne; akwai bangaren gangar-jiki (kamar kafafu da hannaye da kai da yatsu da baki da idanu), sannan kuma akwai numfashi da dan Adam ke yi, wacce ke samuwa sanadiyyar rai ko ruhi da aka busa masa. Wadannan abubuwa guda biyu: watau gangar-jiki da kuma ruhi, tare suke mu’amala. Idan daya daga ciki ya samu tangarda, ana iya samun tangarda a aikin wayar baki daya. Matsalar da za a samu ya danganci iya girma da zurfin matsalar da aka samu wajen tangardan. A harshen turanci, idan kaji ance Software, to ana nufin ruhin wayar salula kenan.

Wannan ruhi na wayar salula ya kasu kashi biyu, ko ma uku. Bangaren farko shine wanda ake kira tabbataccen ruhi, ko Firmware a Turance. Wannan shine bangaren da ke rike da wayar, kuma tare da wayar ake kera su. Wannan bangare shine ruhin da ke samar wa wayar da nunfashin da take yi. Shine bangaren da ke rike gangar-jikin, ya kuma sawwake mata hanyoyin mu’amala da sauran masarrafan da ake sanya mata bayan an kera ta. Wannan bangare na ruhi ba a iya canza shi. Kuma ko da ka kashe wayarka, to yana nan yana aiki. Yadda ka san mutum ne ke bacci. Shi yasa ma da zarar ka sake kunna wayar, zaka samu saitin agogon wayar bai kauce ba. Domin wannan ruhi na waya ne ke rike dashi, ke kuma bashi wuta ko sinadaran lantarkin da yake bukata don ci gaba da aikinsa. Idan kuma ya samu matsala, to wayar za ta mace baki daya. Domin daga kamfani ake tsofa shi cikin wayar. Yadda ka san cewa kowane dan Adam ba shi da wani rai na musamman, to haka kowace wayar salula take; bata da wani rai idan wannan ya samu matsala. Da zarar ya mutu, to ita ma rayuwarta ya zo karshe kenan.

Bangaren ruhi na biyu kuma shine babbar manhajar wayar, watau Phone Operating System. Shine wanda ke dauke da sauran masarrafai masu taimakawa wajen sadar da kira da karbar kira da rubuta sakonnin tes da karanta su da dai sauran aikace-aikacen da zaka iya yi da wayar salula mai lafiya. Ita ce “dandali”, kuma da zarar ka kunna wayar salularka, ita ce zata farkar da ita, ta kuma kirawo maka dukkan masarrafar da kake son amfani da ita, nan take. Idan ka gama amfani da manhaja ko masarrafa, ka rufe, nan take zata kawar da dukkan bayanan wannan manhaja daga ma’adanar wucin-gadi (watau RAM) zuwa cikin tabbatacciyar ma’adana (watau Hard Disk). Wannan nau’i na manhaja ko masarrafar wayar salula suna nan kala-kala ne: ya danganci kamfani da nau’in wayar salular. Misali, akwai wadanda ake kira Series 40 (S40), wadanda ke dauke cikin galibin kananan wayoyin salular kamfanin Nokia Corporation ko na kamfanin Samsung Group. Sannan akwai wadanda ke kira Series 60 (S60), a dauke cikin galibin manyanan wayoyin salula na musamman, watau Smartphones – musamman nau’ukan Black-berry. Su S40 sun fi sauki da saurin karbar umarni, da kuma juriya da kauce wa yawan kamuwa da kwayoyin cutar wayar salula, watau Mobile Phone Virus. Sai dai kuma yadda ka saye su, haka zaka ta amfani dasu, baka iya canza babbar manhajar, ko kuma kirkirar sabbin masarrafai ko manhajoji ka sanya mata.

Amma nau’in S60 ba haka suke ba. Idan ka ga dama, kana iya kera wasu manhajojin wayar salula (irinsu abin wasa – games – da agogo, ko manhajojin da ke baiwa wayar umarni ta aikata wasu abubuwa idan aka kira ko ka kira, da dai sauransu), sannan kana iya canza wadanda tazo dasu. Ko kuma samo wadanda aka kera don sanya mata. Har wa yau, kusan dukkan wayoyi masu dauke da irin wannan nau’in manhaja suna amfani ne da tsarin sadarwa mai karfi nau’in “3G”, da kuma manhajojin mu’amala masu inganci, tare da kyawun sura wajen hoto ko bidiyo, da dai sauransu. Sai dai kuma matsalarta shine saurin kamuwa da kwayoyin cutar wayar salula, da kuma saibi, ko nawa, idan ka bata umarni. Tsarin babbar manhajar wayar salula nau’in S60 iri daya ne da na kwamfuta. Kuma kamfanin da ya fara kera su shine Symbian Group, wanda a halin yanzu kamfanin Nokia Corporation ya saye shi tun shekarar 2008. Wannan tasa galibin wayoyin salula masu amfani da wannan nau’in manhaja sune na kamfanin Nokia. Misali, dukkan ayarin wayoyin Nokia nau’in “N Series”, da “Nokia Communicator”, da kuma galibin nau’in “XpressMusic”, duk suna dauke ne da babbar manhaja nau’in Series 60 wanda kamfanin Symbian ya kera ko samar. Kana iya gane wayar salula mai dauke da wannan nau’in manhaja har wa yau daga irin fuskar wayar, kamar yadda zaka gani a hoton da ke manne a gefe. Kamar nau’in tabbataccen ruhi da bayaninsa ya gabata a sama, wayar salula bata iya rayuwa sai da babbar manhaja, ko kuma Operating System.

Nau’in manhaja ko ruhin wayar salula na uku kuma shine “ruhin wucin-gadi”, watau nau’in ruhi ko manhajar da ake iya sanya wa wayar salula don yin amfani da su wajen gabatar da wasu abubuwa. Misali, manhajar da ke sawwake maka rubuta sakonnin tes, sanya ta aka yi cikin wayar, bayan an sanya babbar manhaja. Manhajar da ke sawwake maka mu’mala da fasahar Intanet, ko fasahar Bluetooth, ko fasahar Infra-red, ko rediyo ko talabijin, duk sanya su aka yi. Ana iya kirkiran wasu ma a sanya. Wannan tasa zaka samu wayoyin salula na zuwa da ire-iren wadannan manhajoji ko masarrafai barkatai. Kowane kamfani na da irin manhajar da yake sanya wa wayoyin salularsa, masu taimakawa wajen tallata su.

Manhajoji ko masarrafai ko kuma “ruhin wucin-gadi” sun kasu kashi biyu ne. Akwai wadanda kowace wayar salula ke zuwa dasu. Ire-irensu sun hada da manhajar wasannni, watau games, da mahajar fasahar Intanet, da manhajar fasahar Bluetooth da kuma ka’idojinsu. Cikinsu har wa yau akwai manhajar sauraron wakoki da na kallace-kallace, da kuma manhajar rubuce-rubuce da lissafce-lissafce (irinsu word, da excel da dai sauransu). Akwai kuma manhajojin bude jakunkunan bayanai, irinsu acrobat reader (ko PDF), da na kallon fina-finai, irinsu flash, da na sauraron wakoki ko bude su, irinsu real player, da sauran ire-irensu. Galibin wayoyin salula kan zo da wadannan masarrafai ne a cikinsu. Da zarar ka saya, sai ka ta amfana dasu.

A daya bangaren kuma, idan Allah Ya hore maka hazaka da ilimin gina manhajar kwamfuta da na wayar salula, kana iya samun wayar salula mai dauke da babbar manhaja nau’in S60, ka sanya mata dukkan kayayyakin aikin da ake amfani dasu wajen gina manhaja ko masarrafa, (irinsu C++ Compilers, ko Phyton Mobile Interpreter), don ginawa, tare da gwaji da kuma loda wa wayarka duk irin masarrafar da kake son amfani dasu. Idan baka da irin wannan hazaka ko kwarewa, duk kada ka damu. Kana iya samun ire-irensu a Intanet ba tare da wata matsala ba. Misali, idan kana son rariyar lilo a Intanet irin ta wayar salula, watau Mobile Browser, kana iya saukar da Opera Mini zuwa cikin wayarka, ka loda mata, sai kaci gaba da amfani dashi. Haka ma kana iya samun manhajojin wasanni (watau games), da manhajojin karatun Kur’ani, da na Hadisai, da na koyon harsuna, da na koyon lissafi da dai sauransu. Dukkan wadannan ana samunsu yauta, ko kuma ka saya ka loda wa wayarka, don ci gaba da amfana dasu. Sai dai kuma kayi hankali, idan shafin da ka shiga a Intanet yake, kuma manhajar kyauta ce, kana iya cin karo da kwayoyin cutar wayar salula, watau Virus. Kuma kada ka mance, wayoyin salula masu tsarin S60 basu cika jure wa ire-iren kwayoyin cuta ba; nan take suke kamuwa dasu. Wannan tasa nan gaba kadan zamu kawo bayanai masu gamsarwa kan nau’ukan cututtukan da ke addabar wayar salula, da kuma yadda ake magance su, a aikace, in Allah Yaso.

Kammalawa

Wayoyin salula dai basu da bambanci da kwamfutoci ko kuma tsarin halittar dan Adam, wajen gangar-jiki da abinda ya shafi alaka tsakanin ruhi da gangar-jikin nake nufi. Akwai gangar-jiki mai dauke da dukkan abinda mai mu’amala da wayar ke amfani dasu wajen bata umarni. Da kuma ruhi, wanda aikinsa shine samar da kuzarin da ke taimakawa wajen aiwatar da dukkan umarnin da mai mu’amala ya bayar. Bayan tabbatacciyar ruhin da ke samar da rayuwa ta dindindin ga wayar, akwai kuma ruhi mai samar da shimfida ga dukkan masarrafan da mai wayar zai yi amfani dasu. Sai nau’in ruhi na uku, wanda ke taimaka wa mai wayar yin mu’amala da wayar kai tsaye – kamar yin kira, ko amsa kira, ko rubuta sakon tes, ko wasa don wasa kwakwalwa, ko sauraron wake, ko kallon hotuna da dai sauransu. Duk wayar salular da bata da ruhi, gwamma a yashe ta. Duk wayar salular da bata da babbar manhaja, gwamma rashinta da mallakanta. Ruhin wayar salula shine bangaren da yafi muhimmanci wajen amfani da wayar, domin ko da marfin wayar ya balle, ana iya amfani da wayar. Amma idan ruhin ya rikice, kunna wayar ma sai ya zama matsala.

Bangarorin Wayar Salula

Mabudin Kunnuwa

Kasancewar wayoyin salula kayayyakin fasaha ne da aka kera su da na’urori da sinadaran fasaha da kimiyyar lantarki, ya zama wajibi mu san irin tsarin da suke gudanuwa a kai. Wannan zai sawwake mana lalurori da dama. Misali, idan muka san tsarin babbar manhajar da waya ke amfani da ita, zamu san yadda ake sarrafa waya mai irin wannan manhaja. Idan muka san tsari da nau’in batirin da take amfani dashi, hakan zai taimaka mana wajen fahimtar tsarin caji da zamu rika yi. Idan muka san dabi’ar waya ta hanyar yanayi da kirarta, hakan zai sawwake mana matsaloli da dama. Wannan tasa yau muka dauko wannan bangare don gabatar da bayanai iya gwargwado, kan bangarorin wayar salula. A yau mai karatu zai san dukkan karikitan da wayar salula ke dauke dasu; masu motsi da marasa motsi; wadanda ake gani da wadanda ba a ganinsu sai dai a hankalci tasirinsu kawai. Kafin mu kutsa cikin wannan bayani, zai dace mu yi ‘yar gajeriyar gabatarwa kan dukkan wadannan karikitai.

Ita dai wayar salula na dauke ne da muhimman bangarori guda biyu; bangaren gangar-jiki da kuma bangaren ruhi ko rai. Wannan shine tsarin da dukkan kayayyakin sadarwa ke gudanuwa a kai, irinsu Kwamfuta, da na’urar daukan hoto, da talabijin irin na zamani da sauransu. Kowannesu na dauke ne da gangar-jiki da kuma bangaren ruhi. Bangaren gangar-jiki shine ake kira Hardware, ko kuma kwarangwal a Hausar zamani. Shine bangaren da mai karatu ke gani, kuma yake iya tabawa. Sai bangaren ruhi ko masarrafa, wanda a turance ake kira Software ko Firmware a turancin sadarwa ta zamani. Wannan bangare ya kumshi ruhin da wayar ke gudanuwa a kansu, wanda mai mu’amala ke iya gani a fuskar wayar ko masu gudanuwa a karkashin kasa. A halin yanzu ga bayanai nan dalla-dalla kan wadannan bangarori. Sai a kasance tare damu.

Gangar-jikin Wayar Salula

Gangar-jikin wayar salula, kamar yadda bayani ya gabata a sama, shine “kwarangwal” ko kuma dukkan wani abinda zaka iya tabawa a jikinta. A turance su ake kira Hardware. Su ne bangare na biyu da ke da muhimmanci a wayar wajen sadarwa. Abu na farko cikin wannan bangare shine inji, wanda ke dauke da sauran bangarorin ta hanyoyi dabam-daban. Wannan bangare dai shine kashin bayan wayar baki daya. Yana dauke ne da karafa, da robobi, da batir, da kuma cibiyoyi masu muhimmanci ga rayuwar wayar; irinsu Cibiyar Sadarwa (Network Point), da Cibiyar Wutar Lantarki (Circuit), da Cibiyar Samar da Caji (Charging Point) da dai sauransu. Har wa yau, wannan bangare na dauke ne da ramuka kanana, da layukan wutar lantarki masu nuna hanyar da kowace waya ke bi don isar da wutar lantarki ko sinadaran sadarwa a yayin da ake amfani da wayar ko take zaman dirshan.

Abu na biyu bayan gangar-injin shine Cibiyar Sadarwa, watau Network Point. Kamar yadda mai karatu yaji sunan, aikin wannan bangare shine samar da sinadaran sadarwa ko kuma tsarin sadarwa (watau Network). Idan mai karatu ya dubi fuskar wayarsa zai ga alama ko tambarin da ke nuna halin sadarwar da ke tsakanin wayarsa da kamfanin sadarwar da yake amfani da katin SIM dinsu. Wannan cibiya ce ke daidaita sahu tsakanin wayar da tsarin sadarwar da ke bigiren da mai wayar ke zaune. Wasu lokuta yanayin sadarwa yayi sama, wasu lokuta kuma yayi kasa. Har wa yau, karfin wannan cibiya wajen jawo yanayin sadarwa ga mai amfani da wayar ya danganci nau’in wayar da yake amfani da ita. Misali, wayoyin Nokia sun yi suna a duniya wajen karfin jawo yanayin sadarwa a waya fiye da sauran wayoyi. Ire-iren wayoyin da ke fitowa daga kasar Sin a halin yanzu (masu arha da matukar kara wajen kidi), galibinsu basu da karfin inganci wajen jawo yanayin sadarwa a waya. Shi yasa idan kana waje daya da mai wayar salula ‘yar kasar Sin, kai kuma kana rike da ta asali irinsu Nokia ko Motorola, sai ka fi su samun yanayin sadarwa a lokaci guda. Duk da yake hakan ya danganci wurin da kake ne, da kuma karfin na’urar kamfanin da ke baka sadarwa. Wannan cibiya ta sadarwa dai a karshe, tana jone ne da kunnen sadarwar wayar salula, watau Antenna, wacce ke gine cikin galibin wayoyin salula na zamani.

Bangare mai muhimmanci na uku shine Cibiyar Wutar Lantarki, ko Circuit a turance. Wannan bangare ne ke samar da wutar lantarkin da wayar ke amfani dashi wajen sarrafa sauran gabobinta. Bangaren na like ne da ramin samar da caji, ko Charging Port a turance. Cibiyar Wutar Lantarki na like ne a jikin inji, kamar yadda Cibiyar Sadarwa take. Kuma ita ce ke samar da wutar lantarki ga injin wayar, ta hanyar batir. Kamar Cibiyar Sadarwa, Cibiyar Wutar Lantarki ita ma tana da alama ko tambari a fuskar wayar, wanda ke nuna yanayin caji ko karfin wutar lantarkin da ke dauke da wayar a kowane lokaci. Idan caji yayi kasa, sai alamar ta gangara, kamar yadda muka saba gani a fuskar wayoyinmu.

Bangare na hudu kuma shine batir, wanda na san masu karatu sun sanshi. Yana daya daga cikin shahararrun bangarorin wayar salula; saboda tasiri da kuma amfaninsa wajen baiwa wayar rayuwa a dukkan lokuta. Shi batir na dauke ne da sinadaran lantarki nau’uka dabam-daban, dangane da yanayin aikinsa. Galibin batiran da kamfanonin kera wayoyin salula ke kerawa suna dauke ne da sinadaran Lithium-ion Phosphate. Wadannan sinadarai aikinsu shine taskance karfin lantarki (Electric Current) da ke shigowa ta kogon lantarkin (Charging Port) mai mu’amala da na’urar caji, watau Charger. Idan wadannan sinadarai na lantarki sun shigo sai a taskance su tsibi-tsibi. Da zarar sun cika, sai wayar taci gaba da amfani dasu. Wadannan batira dai sun sha bamban da batiran rediyo da muka saba amfani dasu. Su batiran rediyo (kanana da manya) da zarar an gama zagwanyar da karfinsu, sai su mace. Amfaninsu ya kare kenan. Sai dai a siyo wasu. Amma su nau’in Lithium-ion Phosphate taskance sinadaran lantarkin suke yi, idan suka samu iya gwargwadon da suke bukata, sai su daina karban sinadaran lantarkin. Daga nan sai a ci gaba da amfani da su har zuwa lokacin da zasu zagwanye. Idan suka zagwanye, sai a sake jona su cikin lantarki don su kara taskance wadannan sinadaran lantarki kamar yadda aka yi a baya. Akan dauki a kalla shekara guda ana amfani dasu kafin tagomashinsu ya kare.

Sai bangare na biyar, watau Allon Shigar da Bayanai, ko Keypad a Turance. Kamar yadda kowa ya sani, aikin wannan bangare shine taimaka wa mai mu’amala da wayar salula don shigar da lamban da yake son kira, ko amsa kira, ko rubuta sakon tes, ko karanta su, da kuma dukkan hanyoyin mu’amala da fasahohin da ke cikin wayar – irinsu daukan hoto, da daukan bidiyo, da kallon talabijin, da mu’amala da fasahar Intanet ko Bluetooth ko Infra-red, da dai sauransu. Hakan ya faru ne saboda yana dauke ne da dukkan haruffa da lambobin da ake bukata don mu’amala da wayar. Shi allon shigar da bayanai nau’i-nau’i ne. Ya danganci tsari da kimtsin wayar. Galibin wayoyin salula suna dauke ne da allon shigar da bayanai guda daya. Akwai wasu wayoyin salula na musamman masu dauke da alluna guda biyu. Da wanda ke saman marfin wayar, da kuma wanda ke ciki idan an bude. Sannan shi kanshi allon shigar da bayanai din ya sha bamban wajen tsari. Akwai wanda tsarinsa iri daya ne da na kwamfutocin tafi-da-gidanka, watau Laptop. Ire-iren wadannan su ake kira Standard Keypad, kuma suna dauke ne a manyan wayoyin salula na musamman nau’in Smartphones ko Blackberry a takaice. Allon shigar da bayanai dai na manne ne da asalin injin wayar, mai dauke da gurabun da kowane harafi ko lamba ko alama/tambari ke zaune. Duk lambar da ka matsa, zata doshi gurbinta ne, don sanar da wayar irin harafi ko lambar da za ta nuna a fuskarta nan take.

Bayan Allon shigar da bayanai, bangare na gaba mai muhimmanci ga kowace wayar salula duk kankantarta, shine Ma’adanar Bayanai, watau Memory, a takaice. Wannan ma’adana ne ke dauke da dukkan manhajojin da ke cikin wayar, wadanda take amfani dasu don baiwa mai mu’amala damar gudanar da abinda yake so, a lokaci ko yanayin da yake so. Wannan ma’adana kuwa ta kasu kashi uku ne: akwai tabbatacciyar ma’adana, wacce ke dauke da babbar manhajar wayar. Wannan bangaren ma’adana shi ake kira Read Only Memory (ROM). Dukkan wata manhaja da ke cikin wayar na dauke ne cikin wannan ma’adana. Da zarar ka kira kowace irin manhaja ce, sai manhajar ta shigo cikin ma’adanar wucin-gadi, watau bangaren ma’adana ta biyu kenan. Wannan bangare kuma shi ake kira Random Access Memory (RAM). Idan wayar tana kashe, wannan ma’adanar na zama holoko ce, wofintacciya; babu komai ciki. Da zarar ka kunna wayarka, sai masarrafan da ke fuskar wayar (irinsu agogo da alamar yanayin sadarwa, da na cajin batir da sauran bayanai) su shigo cikin RAM, don fara gudanar da aikinsu. Duk masarrafar da ka budo, cikin wannan ma’adana na RAM take zuwa. Da zarar ka gama amfani da ita, ka rufe, sai bayananta su koma can cikin tabbatacciyar ma’adanar, watau Read Only Memory (ROM). Sai bangaren ma’adana ta uku, wacce sanyawa ake yi, ba wai tare ake gina shi da wayar ba. Ma’ana, kana iya sanya mata a kowane lokaci, sannan a kowane lokaci kana iya cirewa, ko da kuwa wayar na kunne ne. Wannan bangare shi ake kira Removable Storage. Wannan nau’in kuwa ya kumshi Ma’adanar Katin Waya na musamman da ake iya saya a sanya mata, mai suna Memory Card (MMC). Wadannan su ne nau’ukan ma’adanai da galibin wayoyin salula ke mu’amala da su. Kowace wayar salula na zuwa ne da ginanniyar ma’adanar bayanai – da nau’in ROM da na RAM. Amma ba kowace waya bace ke zuwa da nau’in Removable Storage. Har wa yau, tsawon rayuwar wadannan ma’adanai ya ta’allaka ne da irin nau’ukan bayanai da ake sanyawa cikinsu, da kuma tsabta ko ingancin bayanan, da kuma dacewarsu da muhallin ma’adanar. Idan aka shigar musu da bayanai masu dauke da kwayoyin cuta, watau Virus, suna iya kamuwa nan take, har su lalata asalin manhajojin da ke dauke cikin wayar, ta kowane irin hali. Bayanai kan haka na nan tafe in Allah Yaso.

Sai bangare na karshe da zamu dakata a kansa, ba don sun kare ba. Wannan bangare kuwa shine marafan wayar; da na gaba da na baya da wanda ke tsakiya – ya danganci yanayin kirar wayar. Kowa ya san amfani murfi ga wayoyin salula. Kariya ne ga kura da datti da dauda da dukkan abinda zai iya zama barazana ga lafiyarta. Haka kariya ne ga lafiyar mai amfani da wayar, a yayin da take kunne. Domin akwai abubuwan da ka iya cutar da shi idan babu murfi, musamman ta bangaren wutar lantarki. Bayan nan, su kansu marafan ado ne ga wayar, wajen bata kima da kwarjini da kuma kamannin da ya dace da ita. Tsari da kimtsin marafan wayar salula sun sha bamban wajen kira, dangane da kamfanin da ya kera wayar. Akwai marafan da tsabar ado ne su. Babu wahala sun fashe ko tsage idan aka mu’amalance su da tsauri. Akwai wadanda kuma su a matsayin kariya kawai suke. Galibinsu zaka samu basu da wani kwarjini a ido, amma kuma suna da inganci wajen baiwa wayar kariya ga lafiyarta da na manhajojin da take dauke dasu. Wayoyin salular da galibi aka kera su don ado (irin na mata misali), zaka samu basu da aminci sosai. Bayan haka, akwai wayoyin da ke zuwa da marafa har guda biyu. Daya na tare da ita, dayan kuma na ajiye. Idan kana bukatar sauyi, sai ka tube ta ka sanya mata sabon. Galibin wayoyin salula ana iya samun marafansu a saya a kasuwa. Duk da yake akwai daidaiku wadanda baka samun murfinsu, muddin wanda ke tare da su ya lalace. Misali, wayoyin salula irin su Nokia 5320 XpressMusic tana zuwa ne da murfinta na asali, kuma kamfanin Nokia bai kera mata makwafi ba. Idan suka lalace, sai dai ka saya mata jabu, wadanda ake kera su ba-kai-ba-gindi. Wanda kuma galibinsu basu cika zama daram a jikin wayar ba. In ma baka yi sa’a ba, su lalata maka wayar; musamman wajen amfani da allon shigar da bayanai.

Kafin mu shiga bayani kan Manhaja ko Ruhin Wayar Salula, akwai abinda na kira “Makale-makalen Wayar Salula”, ko kuma Mobile Phone Accessories. Wadannan su ne ire-iren kayayyakin amfani da ake iya makala wa wayar salula don sauraron bayanai, ko kallon hotuna – masu motsi ko daskararru – ko mu’amala da fasahar Intanet, ko kuma shigarwa ko fitar da bayanai daga ma’adanar wayar. Daga cikin wadannan kayayyaki akwai na’urar caji, ko Charger a turance. Wanda ake amfani dashi wajen caja wayar, da kara mata karfi ta hanyar karfin sinadaran lantarki. Sai lasifikar kunne (Head Phone), da lasifikar amsa kira (Hands-free), masu taimakawa wajen sauraron kade-kade da wake-wake, da kallace-kallace. Har wa yau akwai Wayar Karba ko Shigar da Bayanai, watau Data Cable, ko USB Cable. Da wannan waya zaka iya shigar da bayanai na sauti ko hotuna ko bidiyo, daga kwamfutarka zuwa wayar salula, ko kuma daga wayarka zuwa kwamfuta – ta kan tebur ce ko ta tafi-da-gidanka. Wannan tsari na shigar da bayanai ta hanyar USB Cable na amfani ne da kogon shigar bayanai mai suna Universal Serial Bus (USB), kuma yana cikin hanyoyin zamani da ake amfani dasu a kayayyakin sadarwa na zamani. Abu na karshe da zamu dakata a kai shine abinda har wa yau na sanya wa suna da “Tsinken Ligidi”, ko kuma Joy Stick, a tsarin sadarwa ta zamani. Wannan tsinke ana amfani dashi ne wajen shigar da bayanai ko lodo su ko kuma shiga wurare a cikin wayar salula. Galibin wayoyin salular zamani na musamman, suna zuwa ne da wannan tsinke mai matukar tasiri wajen sadarwa. Saboda sawwake sadarwa da mu’amala da wayar salula musamman a lokutan da mai mu’amala da wayar ke cikin natsuwa ko nishadi. Wadannan, a takaice, su ne kadan cikin karikitan da ake iya makala wa wayar salula da sawwake mu’amala a lokuta dabam-daban.