Fasahar Intanet a Wayar Saluala!

Musabbabi:

Duk da cewa wannan shafi an killace shi ne musamman don kayayyaki da hanyoyin fasahar sadarwa na zamani, a tabbace yake cewa fasahar sadarwar da tafi samun shuhura ita ce Fasahar Intanet. Sai dai kuma wannan ba laifi bane, musamman idan mai karatu ya koma ya kakkabe kurar da ke saman tsoffin bugun jaridar AMINIYA da ya karanta a baya, musamman wanda kasidar farko mai taken “FASAHAR INTANET (1)” ta fito a ciki, zai ga inda muka sanar da cewa kasidun da zasu bayyana a wannan shafi zasu yi ta bayanai ne kan alakar da ke tsakanin dukkan fasahan sadarwan zamani, musamman tsakanin Intanet da sauran iyaye da yayyai da kuma kakanninsa, irinsu Radiyo, Talabijin, Jaridu, Mujallu da sauran danginsu. Da wannan dalili, a bangare daya, da kuma sakonnin text da da Imel da waya da ake bugo mani ta hanyar Salula, a daya bangaren, ya sa na ga dacewar assasa kasidar wannan mako kacokan kan alakar da ke tsakanin wayoyin salula ko tafi-da-gidanka masu tsarin Global System of Mobile Communications (GSM), da Fasahar Intanet; yadda ake shiga a yi lilo da tsallake-tsallake da sauran bayanai da ke da nasaba da wannan alaka.

Wayar Salula da Karikitanta

Idan masu karatu basu mance ba, a kasidarmu mai taken “Kwamfuta da Manhajojinta”, mun sanar da cewa “kwamfuta na tattare ne da manyan bangarori guda biyu; bangaren gangar jiki, wanda aka fi sani da Hardware, a turance. Sai kuma bangaren ruhi ko rai, wanda ake kira Software, shi ma a turance.” To haka ma wayar salula take. Gangar jikin shine wanda muke gani, kwarangwal din, wanda ya kunshi batir, da injin da kuma gangar marfin wayar. Wannan bangare shine wanda ke rike da bangare na biyu, watau ruhin, wanda kuma ke da bangarori biyu, daya ya ta’allaka ne da daya. Na farkon shine babban ruhinta, wanda ke samuwa idan aka sanya mata batir, aka kuma kunna ta. Da zaran ka kunna, zata umarce ka da ka sanya mata ruhinta na biyu, watau katin SIM (insert SIM). Idan ka sanya mata katin SIM, wanda shine bangare na biyu, daga nan zaka iya samun isa cikin wayar don yin duk abinda zaka iya yi, na kiran waya, amsa kira daga wasu, shigar da lambobin wayan wasu, da sauran ayyuka.

Idan ka sanya ma wayar salula katin SIM, ka kunna, to nan kuma za a sake samun bangarori biyu a cikin ruhin da ya samu tsakanin ruhin wayar da wanda katin SIM ke dauke dashi. Zamu bayar da misali da wayar tafi-da-gidanka na kamfanin Nokia, don tafi shahara. (masu Samsung da SonyErricsson da Siemens, ku gafarce ni). Bangare na farko ya kunshi abinda ake kira “Network Services”, a turance, watau hanyoyin amfani da waya, wadanda kamfanin Sadarwa ne ke bayar da su, a kunshe cikin katin SIM. Idan ka shiga Menu zaka same su. Wasu daga cikin su sune: Messages (hanyoyin karba da kuma aika gajerun sakonni), Call Register (rajistan lambobi ko sunayen masu bugo waya ko ka buga musu), Settings (Wajen tsara dukkan hanyoyin mu’amala da wayar), Web (hanyar shiga yanar gizo ta duniya, ko Intanet, a takaice), MTN Services ko Magic Plus (hanyoyin samun labarai takaitattu ta hanyar kamfanin waya). Wadannan a takaice sune hanyoyin da yanayin amfani da su ya danganta ne da kamfanin da kake amfani da katinsu. Bangare na biyu kuma sune hanyoyin da kana iya amfani dasu ba tare da taimakon kamfanin waya sun taimaka ko kuma sun caje ka ba. Su kuma sun hada da: Contacts (wajen ajiye sunaye da lambobin abokan hulda), Settings (wani bangarenshi, irinsu: themes, tones, display, time and date, my shortcuts, call settings, phone settings, enhancements, configurations, da kuma security), Gallery (wajen adana jakunkunan sauti, hotuna, wakoki, sautin karban kira da sakonni – tones), Media (wajen Radio, da kemara, rekoda da sauransu), Organiser (wajen kalanda, jakar tafi-da-gidanka – wallet – da kuma alarm), da kuma Application (wajen manhajojin lissafi ko raskwana – calculator – manhajan wasan kwamfuta – games – da agogon kididdiga ko kiyasi, watau stop watch/timer). Wadannan su ne ababen da ke tattare da wayar salula ta Nokia ‘yar madaidaiciya, ba mai dan Karen kudin tsiya ba. To mene ne damuwanmu a yanzu?

Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)

WAP, ko kace Wireless Application Protocol, ita ce ka’idar da ke lura ko sadar da sakonni (na murya ko bayanai) ga na’urorin fasahar sadarwa na tafi-da-gidanka (Wireless Mobile Communication). Idan mai karatu bai mance ba, a kasidarmu mai taken “Hada Intanet”, mun yi bayanin cewa daya daga cikin kayayyakin da ake bukata wajen sadar da kwamfuta da kwamfuta ‘yar uwanta, shine wayan kebul (cable), a gajeren zangon sadarwa (Local Area network – LAN). To amma a tsarin Wide Area Network (WAN), wanda shine tsarin da ke sadar da sakonni tsakanin na’urorin fasahar sadarwa a dogon zango, ka’idar WAP ce ke da hakki. Ita WAP ka’ida ce ba na’ura bace kamar kwamfuta da muke gani. Ka’ida ce ta sadarwa tsakanin kayayyakin sadarwa na tafi-da-gidanka irinsu wayar salula, kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka (Laptop/Notebook) da manyan na’urorin sadarwa makamantansu. Tun ran gina irin wadannan na’urori ake shigar da wannan ka’ida cikin gangar jikin su. Wannan ka’ida ta WAP na cikin dukkan wayoyin salula na tafi-da-gidanka. Kuma tana da bangarori biyar ne wadanda dukkan wani sako na sauti/murya (voice) ko bayanai (text) ke bi, don saduwa da na’urar da aka tunkuda shi. Bangarori hudu ke isar da sakon, daya bangaren kuma ke taimakawa wajen budowa. Bangarorin su ne: WAP Datagram Protocol (WDP), wanda ke aikawa da sakonnin text (SMS) da na GPRS; Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS), mai taimakawa wajen tsare sakonnin da ake aikawa, don kada wani dan ta’adda ya tsare su a hanya; WAP Transaction Protocol (WTP), wanda ke jaddada aikin WDP, wajen isar da sakon kamar yadda aka aiko su; WAP Session Protocol (WSP), wanda ke taimakawa wajen isar da sakon da ake karba ko aikawa ta hanyar sadar da manhajojin da zasu karbi sakon, a na’urar mai aikawa da na mai karba. Na karshe kuma shine Hypertext Transfer Protocol Interface (HTTP Interface), wanda ke budo sakon da aka aiko, ta hanyar masarrafan lilo da tsallake-tsallake (Browser). Dukkan wadannan ka’idoji a jikin na’urar sadarwa na tafi-da-gidanka ake gina su, kamar yadda bayani ya gabata. Don haka mai karatu ba zai gansu ba, karara, amma su ne manyan jami’ai. Wannan, a takaice, ita ce tsarin da ke kunshe cikin WAP. Su kuma ka’idojin WAP na aiki ne cikin wayar salula ko kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka mai dauke da hanyoyin rubutawa da aikawa da sakonni na murya da bayanai, ta hanyar fasahar sadarwa ta Intanet. Wadannan hanyoyi su ne: General Packet Radio Services (GPRS), wanda hanya ce ta aikawa da sakonni cikin gaggawa. Sakonnin sun hada da murya/sauti, rubutu/bayanai da hotuna masu motsi da ma marasa motsi. Wannan tsari na GPRS na samuwa a galibin wayoyin salula na zamani da kuma dukkan kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka (Laptop). Wannan hanya ta kunshi hanyoyi irinsu USB Port/Cable da Bluetooth da kuma Infrared. Sai kuma Short Message Service (SMS), tsarin da ke taimakawa wajen aikawa da gajerun sakonni na wayar salula, masu amfani da tsarin Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). A wannan tsari mai wayar salula na iya aikawa da sako daga wayar salularsa zuwa na dan uwansa ko matarsa, iya fadin nisan da transmitter din kamfanin sadarwan ya kai. Misali, duk inda ake da sabis na MTN, kana iya aikawa da sakon SMS har can, a karba, a bude, a karanta, sannan a aiko maka da jawabi kai ma. Wadannan su ne masu nasaba da abinda muke tattaunawa a kai. Don haka zamu tsaya a nan.

Shiga Intanet ta Wayar Salula

Da farko dai, kamar yadda muka sanar, zamu yi misali da wayar kamfanin Nokia ne, wacce ta fi shahara. A Nokian ma zamu dauki Nokia 6230i, don kawo misali. Idan ka tashi shiga Intanet ta hanyar wayar salula, abu na farko da zaka tabbatar shine ko wayar tana da ”Web”, don ba dukkan wayoyi bane ke da wannan tsari. Don tabbatarwa, sai kaje Menu, ka gangara, sai ka ci karo da ”Web”, ko “WAP”, ko “GPRS Services” ko “Login”. Duk wadannan kalmomi ne da wasu kamfanoni ke amfani dashi. Amma kamfanin Nokia na amfani ne da kalmar “Web” a dukkan wayoyinta. Don haka idan ka iso “Web” a Nokia 6230i, sai ka matsa shi, zaka fara cin karo da “Home”, wanda idan ka matsa zai kai ka zauren gidan yanan sadarwan Nokia ne, kai tsaye; sai “Bookmarks”, inda zaka iya adana adireshin gidajen yanan da ka ziyarta kuma suka burgeka; sai “Downloads”, inda zaka samu rariyar likau zuwa wuraren da zaka iya samun muryoyi (Tones) da labulen fuskar wayar salula (Themes) dsr; sai kuma “Last Web Address”, wanda shine zai kai ka gidan yanan sadarwan da ka ziyarta na karshe, a baya, idan ka yi hakan; sai “Service Inbox”, wanda bamu bukatarsa cikin bayaninmu; sai “Settings”, inda zaka tsara hanyoyin yawo ko lilo da tsallake-tsallake a wayarka; sai kuma “Go to Address”, inda zaka shigar da adireshin gidan yanan sadarwan da kake son shiga - shi zamu kira “address bar” a nan; sai na karshe, watau “Clear Cache”, ita “cache” jaka ce da ke adana dukkan aikin da kayi a wannan bangare na “Web” – duk inda ka ziyarta, da yawan shafukan da ka shiga. Sai dai ba za ka iya ganin komai ba, don ita “clear cache” aiki daya kawai take yi, shine share wannan jaka gaba daya. Da zaran ka gama dubawa ka tabbatar da cewa kana da alamar “Web” a Menu dinka, to sai mataki na biyu, shine samun kamfanin sadarwan da ke da tsarin Intanet a Network dinsu. Wannan shine abinda galibin masu bugo mani waya basu fahimta ba sosai; kasancewar kana da wayar salula mai “WAP” ko “Web” a cikin jerin Menu dinta, ba shi ke nuna zaka iya lilo da tsallake-tsallake a ciki ba. Sai kamfanin sadarwanka na da tsarin Intanet. A Nijeriya ina ganin kamfanin MTN da Globacom ne kadai ke da wannan tsari. Idan ka sayi katin SIM din MTN, misali, ka sanya ma wayarka, sai kaje ofishinsu kuma su tsara (configure) maka wayar. Idan suka tsara wayar, zasu aiko maka da sakonnin text guda biyu; na farko zai sanar da kai ne cewa ka adana (save) sakon da za a aiko maka nan ba da dadewa ba; na biyun kuma za a sanar da kai ne cewa an gama hada maka, kuma kana iya amfana da hanoyin mikawa da karban sakonni na MTN a ko ina kaje. Amma akwai sabbin layukan MTN da ake sayarwa yanzu masu 0803, idan ka samu irinsu, to baka bukatan zuwa ofishinsu don su jona ka, muddin wayar salularka na da tsarin “WAP” ko “Web”. Kana sanya katin SIM din kawai zaka ji sakonni sun shigo guda biyu, masu dauke da bayanan da na sanar a sama. Sai ka adana su a cikin wayarka (ka aika dasu Saved Messages, don kada ka mance ka share su idan suna Inbox). Amma idan layin Globacom kake dashi, zaka iya kiransu a layin “customer care”, ko kuma kaje ofishinsu. Da zaran an gama tsara maka wayarka shikenan. Sai lilo da tsallake-tsallake kawai.

Shawarwari

Kafin mu karkare, yana da kyau mai karatu ya fahimci wasu abubuwa dangane da abinda ya shafi yin lilo da tsallake-tsallake a wayar salula. Da farko dai suna cajin kudi, ba kyauta suke bayarwa ba. Duk da yake idan layinka na MTN sabon layi ne, ka iya sa’a cikin dare ka jima kana lilo ba a cire maka ko kwabo ba (na taba sa’an haka na kusan tsawon awa daya a layin Maman Sadiq). Suna caji ne dangane da yawan haruffan da ka karanta ko ka bude, ba wai da yawan mintuna ko awannin da kayi kana lilo ba. Idan ka budo shafuka masu hotuna ne, to za a caje ka sosai, domin hotuna sun fi haruffa yawa da nauyi, a ka’idar na’urar sadarwa. Don haka idan baka bukatar wayarka ta rinka budo maka hotuna a shafukan da kake yawo a ciki, sai kaje “Settings” a layin “Web”, don canzawa (Web = Settings = Appearance Settings = Show Images = No). Idan ba wani tsananin bukata kake dashi ba wajen yin lilo a wayar salularka, ya zama sakonnin Imel kawai zaka rinka dubawa ta nan, don kada cajin ya yawaita. Idan kana son yin awa daya ko sama da haka, zan ba ka shawara da kaje mashakatar tsallake-tsallake kawai, watau “Internet Café”. Bayan haka, duk sanda kayi lilo da tsallake-tsallake (browsing) ta wayar salularka, to sai ka gyatta saitin agogon wayar, idan ba haka ba, zaka ga ta cilla gaba da awa daya. Me yasa? Oho! Daga karshe kuma, sai ka yawaita caja batirinka, domin duk lokacin da ka shiga “Web” ka fara yawo a duniyar gizo, wayarka na daukan kaso mai yawa wajen aiwatar da wani aiki da ya sha karfin mizanin batirin da take zuka a yanayin da ba wannan ba. Sai a kiyaye.

Kammalawa

Wannan shine bayani a takaice. Da fatan masu karatu sun gamsu. Idan da akwai inda ba a fahimta ba, to a rubuto ta text ko Imel, don samun cikakken bayani. Ina mika godiyata ga dukkan masu bugowa don gaisawa ko neman Karin bayani, musamman Malam Rabi’u Ayagi daga Kano, da Malam Muhammad Abbas Jos, da Malam Muntaka Dabo Zaria, da kuma Malam AbdusSalam, shi ma mazaunin Jos. Na gode. Na gode!

Abdullahi Salihu Abubakar (Baban Sadiq)

Off Lagos Crescent,

Garki II – Abuja.

080 34592444 salihuabdu@yahoo.com, absad143@yahoo.com

http://fasahar-intanet.blogspot.com, http://babansadiq.blogspot.com