Matashiya
A makon da ya gabata ne muka samu bayanai kan tsarin ginawa da kuma adana bayanai ta amfani da manhajan rumbun bayanai na kwamfuta, watau Database Administration (DBA), da dukkan irin ilmummukan da suka kamaci mai son kwarewa a wannan fanni. A yau kuma cikin yardan Allah zamu ci gaba, inda zamu yi bayani kan wani fanni mai tashe, watau Gina Gidan Yanar Sadarwa da Lura Da shi (Web Design and Maintenance). Kamar sauran fannoni, mai karatu zai ji bayanai kan abinda wannan fanni ya kumsa da ilmummukan da ake son ya mallaka don kwarewa a kan sa, da kuma irin ayyukan da ke jiran sa a matsayin sa na magini ko mai lura da gidan yanar sadarwa, watau Web Designer/Webmaster.
Fannin “Web Design and Maintenance”
Wannan fanni na Web Design and Maintenance, shine fannin da ya shafi tsarin ginawa da kawatawa da kuma lura da gidan yanar sadarwa ta Intanet, watau Web Site. Yadda ka san ana samun kawararru kan harkan gine-ginen gidaje da kuma kawatawa da lura da su, to haka ake samun kwararru a fannin ginawa da kuma kawata gidajen yanar sadarwa a Intanet. Ta wadannan gidaje ne mai ziyara ke samun dukkan bayanai ko hajojin da yake son saya ko mu’amala dasu. Wannan fanni na cikin tsoffin fannonin ilimin fasahar sadarwa na zamani, kuma shekara guda aka haife su da ita kanta Fasahar Intanet din. Masu wannan aiki su ake kira Web Designers, kuma shekaru kusan ashirin da suka gabata suna amfani ne da fasahar Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) wajen ginawa da kuma kawata wadannan gidaje na yanar sadarwa. A wancan lokaci galibin bayanan da ke cikin wadannan gidaje duk basu wuce tarin bayanai da suka kunshi haruffa da lambobi da taswirori ba. Babu hotuna masu launi ko masu motsi balle a samu sauti ko hotunan majigi. Da tafiya tayi nisa, sai aka fara samun ginannun manhajojin ginawa da kuma kawata gidajen yanar sadarwa, watau Web Design Softwares. Daga nan gidajen yanar sadarwa suka fara yaduwa, domin samun fasahar shigar da hotuna masu launi da murya da kuma jakunkunan bayanai na bidiyo/majigi. Manya kuma shahararrun manhajojin da ke taimakawa wajen yin hakan a yanzu kuwa su ne : Microsoft FrontPage, Macromedia Dreamweaver, Macromedia Flash, Macromedia Fireworks, Sharepoint InDesign, Adobe Photoshop, Microsoft Express Web, CuteHTML Pro 6, da dai sauran su. Wadannan manhajoji ko masarrafai na kumshe ne da dabarun gina gidan yanar sadarwa irin su HTML, JavaScript, Perl Script, Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP), SQL, ECMA Script da sauran dabaru masu taimakawa wajen kayatar da gidajen yanar sadarwa kamar yadda muke dasu a halin yanzu. Sanadiyyar haka zaka iya mu’amala da gidan yanar sadarwa ba tare da mai gidan ya shiga tsakanin ku ba. Misali, kana iya shiga gidan yanar sadarwa don sayan wata haja ; kana zuwa, zaka budo fam, ka cika, ka shiga shago don zaban hajar da kake so, ka shigar cikin kwandon cefanen ka (Shopping Cart), ka biya, kafin a aiko maka da abinda ka saya. Duk wadannan mu’amala tsakanin ka da shafukan gidan yanar ne, ba mai gidan yanar ba. Watakil ma shi yana can yana ta minshari a kan gadonsa a yayin da kake wannan hada-hada a shagon sa. Wannan tsari da ke taimaka ma mai ziyara gabatar da abinda yake so a gidan yanar sadarwa ba tare da mai lura da gidan ya shiga tsakani ba, shi ake kira tsarin Semantic Web ko Interactive Web. Wannan ya sha banban da irin tsarin shekarun baya; inda zaka yi kwana da kwanaki kana jiran Uban Gidan ya baka umarni ko jawabin da kake bukata kafin ka ci gaba.
Me Ake Bukata?
Gina gidan yanar sadarwa ta zamani na bukatar kwarewa kan fannoni da dama, kamar dai fannin Desktop Publishing da bayaninsa ya gabata. Kana bukatar kwarewa kan fasahar Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), JavaScript, da kuma fasahar tsarawa da kuma kanikancin hotuna, watau Graphics Design. Har wa yau, kana bukatar karantar wasu cikin fasahar ginawa da kuma tsara manhajojin kwamfuta, watau Programming Language. A kalla zai dace ka san wani abu cikin ilimin Pearl, Java Web Start, ECMA, Visual Basic, Visual C++, C++, C da dai sauran su, wadanda su ke taimaka ma magini ya tsara hanyoyin da zasu sawwake ma mai ziyara yin mu’amala da shafukan yanar gizo ba tare da mai gidan yanar ya shiga tsakani ba. Samun wadannan ilmummuka na bukatar shiga makaranta ko kuma ka samu littafai da manhajojin kana karatu kana dabbaka abinda ka karanta. Idan ma kana son samun ilmummukan yin hakan a shafukan yanar gizo duk zaka samu. Sai kaje Google (www.google.com) ka tambaya, zaka samu amsoshi kan gidajen yanar sadarwan da ke da darussan koyon gina gidan yanar sadarwa kyauta ba tare da ka biya ko kwabo ba. Idan kuma makaranta kake son shiga, wanda shi yafi, kana iya sayan fam a daya cikin makarantun koyon ilimin kwamfuta da ke manyan biranen kasan nan. Galibin karatun baya wuce na tsawon watanni uku. Da zaran ka gama, sai ka ci gaba da kwatanta abinda ka koya ta hanyan ginawa da kuma kayatar da gidan yanar sadarwa. Haka har ka zama mai zaman kan ka.
Abin Yi
Ta la’akari da irin yadda harkokin kasuwanci ke yaduwa kamar wutar daji a kullum, duk wanda ya kware a wannan fanni na gina gidan yanar sadarwa, musamman a kasashe masu tasowa irin Nijeriya, zai samu kasuwa fiye da yadda yake tsammani. Da farko dai zai iya zama mai gina gidan yanar sadarwa kadai, idan ya ga dama. Zai iya gina nau’uka daban-daban a matsayin samfuri, ya tallata ma masu sha’awa. Zai iya yi ma wasu ma kyauta, wanda hakan zai jawo hankalin wasu da ke mu’amala dasu. Har wa yau, yana iya gina ma wani gwarzon sa gidan yanar sadarwa mai kayatarwa, ya sanya dukkan wani nau’in kayatarwa da zai iya jawo hankulan wasu har suyi sha’awa su neme shi. Idan kuma ya ga dama, bayan zama maginin, zai iya daukan dawainiyar lura ma wasu kamfanoni ko hukumomi da gidajen yanar sadarwan su, a matsayin Uban Gidan (Webmaster) kenan. Wannan ma hanya ce mai matukar jawo kudi, domin duk wata za a rinka biyan shi. Idan ya habbaka, yana iya kafa kamfani nashi mai zaman kansa, yana mu’amala da masu son gidajen yanar sadarwa; ya gina musu, ya musu rajistan adireshin gidan (Domain Name Registration), ya adana musu gidan yanar ta hanyar Uwan Garke (Hosting), in ma suna so, sai ya kuma zama Uban Gidan gaba daya.
Duk wadannan hanyoyi ne da ka iya jawo masa kudaden shiga da ma dogaro da kan sa. Har wa yau, idan yana so, zai iya kafa makarantar koyar da wannan fasaha da ya kware a kai, ya yi rajista da hukuma, ya tsara fam, don masu son koyo su shiga suna koyo. Idan ya ga dama, sai ya zama marubuci kan wannan fanni mai muhimmanci. Kai a takaice dai, maginin gidan yanar sadarwa mutum ne mai muhimmanci wanda kusan duk inda fasahar Intanet ta kai a yau, da guminsa take takama. Allah sa mu a danshin su!
Kammalawa
A takaice idan kana son hanya mafi sauki wajen samun abin hannu ta hanyar ilimin fasahar sadarwa ta zamani, to ga fannin gina gidan yanar sadarwa nan a gabanka. Ayyuka sai ka ture, muddin ka san yadda ake tallata haja. Idan Allah Ya kai mu mako mai zuwa, muna nan tafe da wani fannin, in Allah Ya yarda. Ina mika sakon gaisuwata ga dukkan masu karatu. Ina nan tafe mako mai zuwa da bayani
Abdullahi Salihu Abubakar (Baban Sadiq)
08034592444 fasaha2007@yahoo.com
http://fasahar-intanet.blogspot.com
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