Kwarewa a Fannin Fasahar Sadarwa (4)

Fannin “Desktop Publishing”

A yau zamu ci gaba cikin silsilar da muka faro kan Kwarewa a Fannin Fasahar Sadarwa, inda mai karatu zai samu bayani kan fannin Desktop Publishing, wani fanni mai matukar muhimmanci wajen samun ‘yancin tattalin arziki ta hanya mafi sauki. Masu karatu zasu san asali da ma’anar wannan kalma, da wanda ya kirkiro ta; me wannan fanni ya kumsa; ta yaya mai karatu zai iya karewa a wannan fanni da kuma aiki ko ayyukan da zai iya yi idan ya samu wannan kwarewa? Bisimillah, wai an hada malamai sulhu:

Ma’ana, Asali da Kuma Yaduwa:

Fannin Desktop Publishing shine fannin da ya kumshi “yin amfani da kwamfuta da masarrafa ko manhajojinta wajen tsarawa da bugawa ko dabba’a bayanai da hotanni da taswirori da zane-zane; masu motsi ko marasa motsi; masu launi ko fari da baki, a yanayi daban-daban, don yadawa, ilmantarwa ko kasuwanci.” Wannan a takaice shine abinda wannan fanni na Desktop Publishing ke nufi. Ta amfani da wannna kwarewa ne aka samu hanya mafi sauki da sauri wajen buga littafai (manya ne ko kanana), da kalandu da katin zabe da katin kasuwanci da katin adireshi (complimentary cards) da fostoci na siyasa ko na sanarwa ko ilmantarwa ko furofaganda, da tsarawa da buga jaridu da mujallu (magazines) da dai sauran abubuwan ilmantarwa da ake iya bugawa a kan takarda ko fayafayan sidi (CD Plates) ko na danyen bayanai da ake iya zubawa a shafin yanar sadarwa ta Intanet. Duk da ilimin Desktop Publishing kana iya yin wadannan abubuwa cikin sauki ba kuma tare da kashe wasu kudade masu dimbin yawa ba. Ta la’akari da yawan abubuwan da mai wannan ilimi ke iya yi da kwarewarsa, zamu san cewa wannan fanni yana da muhimmanci ga al’umma musamman ma ta fuskar tattalin arziki. Idan ka lazimci wannan hanya, baka jiran sai gwamnati ko wata kamfani ta dauke ka aiki. Maimakon haka ma, sai a wayi gari kai suke ziyarta don kulla alakar kasuwanci tsakanin ka dasu.

Wannan fanni na Desktop Publishing ya samo asali ne shekaru ashirin da biyu da suka gabata, lokacin da kamfanin Aldus da ke kasar Amurka ta fara kirkiran masarrafan kwamfuta mai suna PageMaker, cikin shekarar 1985. Wannan masarrafa ce ke taimakawa wajen tsara shafukan littafai da mujallu da jaridu, kuma tana dauke da samfurin katin gayyace-gayyace da sauransu. Daidai wannan shekara ne kamfanin kwamfuta na Apple Computers ta kirkiri na’urar buga bayanai watau Printer, mai suna LaserWrite, wanda a wancan lokaci ake ta amfani dashi wajen buga bayanai daga kwamfuta, amma marasa launi (fari da baki – black and white). A wannan lokaci ne aka fara samun kananan kamfanonin jaridu masu amfani da wannan masarrafa ta PageMaker da kuma wannan na’urar buga bayanai na kamfanin Apple Computers, don tsarawa da kuma buga mujallu da jaridun su. Daga nan sai wannan sana’a ta ci gaba da samun karbuwa musamman sanadiyyar samun ingancin kwamfutoci da kuma na’urorin buga bayanai da sauransu. Wanda ya kirkiro ma wannan sana’a suna shine Malam Paul Brainerd, watau shugaban kamfanin Aldus Corporation, wacce a yanzu ake kira ADOBE (www.adobe.com). Daga nan aka samu kamfanonin kwamfuta suka ci gaba da kirkiran masarrafan kwamfuta da ke sawwakewa da kuma kara ma wannan sana’a inganci, irin su QuarkXPress, Adobe InDesign, Adobe Photoshop, WordPerfect, WordStar, Scribus, Microsoft Publisher (wanda ke cikin Microsoft Office 97 – 2003 da kuma MS Office 2007), Apple Pages (na manhajan Macintosh kenan), Corel Draw, Paintshop Pro, da kuma OpenOffice. Har wa yau, cikin masarrafan da suka kara ma wannan fanni na kasuwanci fadi da yaduwa akwai masarrafan gina gidan yanar sadarwa, watau Web Design Softwares, irin su: Dreamweaver, da Flash da Fireworks duk na kamfanin Macromedia. Akwai wadanda kamfanin Microsoft ta gina kuma, irin su MS Word, da MS FrontPage. Duk wadannan ana amfani dasu wajen tsara bayanai da kuma kimtsasu a gidajen yanar sadarwa ko kuma fayafayan CD. Bayan samuwan wadannan har wa yau, an kuma samu yaduwa da kuma ingantattun na’urorin buga bayanai watau Printers. Da farko ana amfani ne da na’urar buga bayanai mai tsarin Laser, wacce ke buga bayanai a launin fari da baki kadai. Amma a yanzu akwai su iri-iri, wadanda ake amfani dasu wajen bayanai launi daban-daban (Ink Printers), a kuma yanayi mai kayatarwa da sassauci. A yanzu zaka samu na’urar Printer mai yin aiki iri hudu a lokaci daya: ta buga maka bayanai masu launin fari da baki kadai, ta buga maka masu launi daban-daban, ta sawwara maka takardun ka (photocopy), in ma kana so, a karo na hudu sai ta dauki hotunan bayanan (Scanning) a duk launin da ka tsara su cikin kwamfutarka, ba matsala. Wani abin farin ciki shine, zaka samu mafi karancin wannan na’ura a farashi kasa da dubu ashirin, musamman kayatacciya mai nagarta, na kamfanin HP. A karo na karshe, wannan fanni ya tsallaka har zuwa wasu fannoni saboda tasirin sa, don taimaka ma wadannan fannoni gabatar da aikace-aikacen su. Misali, akwai fanni mai suna Hypermedia, wanda ya kumshi sarrafa bayanai cikin launi daban-daban, da sauti da kuma hotuna masu motsi ko majigi (video/animations), wadanda a karshe ake shigar dasu cikin fayafayan CD ko gidan yanar sadarwa, a matsayin finafinai ko laccoci ko kuma sanarwa. Haka za a iya shigar dasu cikin na’urorin talabijin, a yada su kowa ya gani, a duk irin yanayin da aka tsara a farko cikin kwamfuta. Galibin masu shirya finafinai da gidajen talabijin da masu kamfanonin kasuwanci da ke Intanet, a duniya da wannan fanni ko kwarewa ake tsara finafinai ko bayanan da suke shiryawa ko yadawa. Wannan ke nuna ma mai karatu irin dimbin tasirin da wannan fanni na Desktop Publishing ke dashi wajen ci gaban al’umma da kuma samar da sana’a ga duk wanda ya mallaki ilimin yin hakan.

Me Ake Bukata?:

Bayan duk wannan, yana da kyau mai karatu ya san hanyoyin da zai bi wajen mallakan wannan ilimi da ke da alhakin habbaka wannan fanni na Desktop Publishing. Domin ta hakan ne zai san ko wannan fanni ne da zai iya kwarewa a kai ko a a. Ana bukatar ka kware wajen iya rubutu kan kwamfuta da kuma daidaita shafi da kayatar dashi. Wannan shi ake kira Computer Appreciation a turance, wanda ya kumshi abinda ake kira Typesetting, Text Formatting and Page Layout. Babban masarrafar da za ta taimaka maka a wannan fanni ita ce Microsoft Word, watau allon rubutun da muka mallaka cikin kwamfutocin mu. Daga nan sai kwarewa kan iya zane da zubin launi da kanikancin hotuna ta hanyan masarrafa irin su Photoshop, da Paintshop Pro, da kuma Corel Draw. Wadannan su ne shahararru, kuma kwarewa kan su shi ake kira Graphics Design. Sauran sune wadanda na zayyana a sama da farko. Har wa yau, zaka iya kwarewa kan masarrafan gina gidajen yanar sadarwa irin su Macromedia Dreamweaver, Macromedia Flash, Macromedia Fireworks, Microsoft FrontPage da dai sauran su. Wadannan su ne zasu taimaka maka wajen tsarawa da juyawa da kuma shirya shafukan littafai da mujallu da jaridu da kasidu da dai sauran abubuwa da ake bugawa don ilmantarwa ko kasuwanci. Hatta wannan shafi da mai karatu ke karantawa a yanzu, da fasahar Desktop Publishing aka tsara shi, ta amfani da daya daga cikin wadannan masarrafai da bayaninsu ya gabata. Wadannan ilmummuka zaka iya samun su ta dayan hanyoyi biyu; ko dai kaje makarantar kwamfuta irin ta bakin titi da muke dasu a kasar nan, ka koyo (galibi watanni shida ne, in ka dade kayi shekara); ko kuma ka dukufa da irin himmar da Allah Ya baka, wajen koyo idan kana da kwamfuta taka ta kanka. Shawara ta ita ce, kaje makaranta don shi yafi. Zaka samu shahada a karshe, wanda wannan shi zai kara maka karfin guiwa wajen yin sana’ar. Idan ka zabi zuwa makaranta, to fa dole ne ka rinka zama a lokaci naka na kanka, don kwatanta abubuwan da aka karantar da kai. Amma a wasu kasashe inda wannan sana’a ya habbaka kamar wutar daji, sai kana da digiri ko shahadar kwarewa (Professional Certificate) zaka samu aiki. Galibin wadannan manhajoji kyauta ake samun su a Intanet, wasu kuma a tsarin gwaji (Trial Versions) zaka same su; ko dai na wata guda ko kwanaki casa’in, watau watanni uku kenan. Har wa yau zaka iya samun su a shagunan sayar da kayayyakin kwamfuta da ke manyan biranen Nijeriya. Sai dai fa wannan wani ilmi ne da ke bukatar tsananin hakuri, domin yana bukatar zama na tsawon lokaci, tare da kura ma kwamfuta ido, da gaggawan cika ma mai aiki alkawari da kuma uwa uba ciwon baya, tsamin ido da kuma ciwon gabobin yatsu da wuyan hannu, sanadiyyar yawan kwankwashe-kwankwashe a kan allon shigar da bayanai, watau Keyboard. Da zaran ka gama kwarewa sai me?

Abin Yi:

Kana da wuraren aiki da dama, amma shawara ta ita ce, muddin kana da abin hannunka watau jari, kaje ka bude ‘yar karamar cibiya ta kasuwancin ayyukan kwamfuta, watau Business Center, don shine abinda ya dace da wannan sana’a. A nan ne zaka samu cikakkiyar ‘yanci kan abinda kake yi; kai zaka sa ma ayyukan ka farashi, kafin wani ya taya, kai zaka debi ma’aikata, kai zaka tsara wurin aikin ka yadda kake so. Amma idan dan uwana ne kai, kana iya aiki a kamfanin buga littafai (Publishing Company), da kamfanin mujallu da jaridu da kuma gidajen talabijin da kamfanonin tallace-tallace, watau Advertising Companies, ko Media Consultants. Idan aiki ka fara a wasu kamfanoni, da zaran ka ci gaba kana iya bude Business Center don samun ‘yancin kan ka. Zaka samu kasuwa sosai, domin wannan fanni na Desktop Publishing ne ya kashe ma manyan kamfanonin buga littafai kasuwa. Galibin littafan da ake bugawa a birnin Kano da wasu biranen Arewa, duk da wannan kwarewa ake amfani. In yaso sai a gasa bayanan ta hanyar Plating, sannan a kai ma kamfanin buga littafai su buga. Ka ga an samu ragi a bisa da. Wanda a da duk kamfanin buga littafai ne ke yi.

Kammalawa

Daga karshe, a fili yake cewa fannin Desktop Publishing fanni ne da ke da matukar muhimmanci wajen samar da sana’a da kuma ‘yancin tattali arziki ga duk wanda ya mallaki ilimin sa. Idan har wa yau mai karatu bai yanke shawara ba, duk kada ya damu. Zuwa mako mai zuwa zamu kawo wani fannin. Allah sa mu dace, amin. Ina mika sakon gaisuwata ga dukkan masu karatu ; musamman masu bugo waya ko aiko da sakonnin text ko Imel. A kasance tare damu.

Abdullahi Salihu Abubakar (Baban Sadiq)

Off Lagos Crescent, Anguwar Hausawa,

Garki II, Abuja. 08034592444

Fasaha2007@yahoo.com

http://fasahar-intanet.blogspot.com, http://babansadiq.blogspot.com