Kasuwar Fatawa a Duniyar Intanet

Neman Afuwa

Kafin muyi nisa zan nemi gafarar masu karatu, saboda saba alkawari da zan yi a yau. Kamata yayi ace mun ci gaba da kwararo bayanai kan tsarin Fasahar Faifan DVD, kamar yadda nayi alkawari a kasidar karshe da ta gabata kan Fasahar Faifan CD. Dalili kuwa shine, saboda samun kai na da nayi cikin halin rashin natsuwa saboda aiki da kuma halin rayuwa ta yau da kullum. Wadannan dalilai biyu ne suka hana ni zama don gabatar da bincike kamar yadda na saba, kafin ci gaba da wancan silsila da na faro kan Faya-fayan CD da DVD. Domin kasidu ire-irensu na bukatar bincike ne na musamman, mai daukan lokaci da kuma bukatar natsuwa ta musamman, wanda ban kasance a ciki ba, kamar yadda bayani ya gabata a sama. A min afuwa zuwa, wani lokaci zan karkato don karasa su in Allah Ya yarda.

A yau, kamar yadda mai karatu zai gani daga taken wannan kasida a sama, zamu karkata ne zuwa bangaren Fasahar Intanet, don kawo bayanai kan tsarin “Fatawa”, ko kuma “neman bayanai ta hanyar tambaya da amsawa, a wasu tsare-tsaren da suka sha bamban da wanda mai neman bayanai ta hanyar manhajar Matambayi-ba-ya-bata ke yi a kullum.” Wannan hanya ce boyayya ga galibin Hausawa masu amfani da fasahar Intanet a yau, kuma ganin hakan ne tasa na karkato zuwa wannan fanni don kosar da masu karatu kishirwan da suke fama da ita. Kasida ce kwaya daya. Don haka sai a daidata sahu, don fahimtar karatun da kyau.

Kasuwar Fatawa a Intanet

Tun bayyanar wannan fasaha ta Intanet ake da wannan kasuwa, amma saboda rashin siffatuwarta da irin tsarin yau, bata shahara sosai ba. A halin yanzu akwai nau’ukan kasuwar fatawa a Intanet kashi biyu; da tsohuwar hanya da kuma sabuwar hanya. An kirkiri sabuwar hanyar fatawa a Intanet ne sanadiyyar rashin biyan bukatar masu neman bayanai da ke tattare da tsohuwar hanya. A bayyane yake cewa babban dalilin kirkirar wannan fasaha ta Intanet dai shine don aikawa da sakonni da karbansu, da kuma hanyar nemansu mafi sauki, tsakanin mai nema da mai bayarwa. Da wannan manufa aka ta kirkirar manhajoji da masarrafan kwamfuta bila-adadin, don sawwake wannan tsari. Zuwa yau, an samu ci gaba sosai, inda har masu neman bayanai suka wayi gari da tsare-tsaren da ke sawwake musu hakan ba tare da wata matsala ba. Kafin mu kawo bayani kan nau’ukan wadannan hanyoyi, ga ‘yar gajeriyar gabatarwa nan kan ma’anar Kasuwar Fatawa a Intanet.

Kalmar Fatawa dai kamar yadda kowa ya sani, Kalma ce ta Larabci da Hausawa suka aro kuma suke amfani da ita da nufin ”neman bayani kan al’amuran addini ta hanyar tambaya. Ko kuma gamsar da mai neman bayanai kan al’amuran addini ta hanyar bayar da amsa. Ko kuma tsarin tambaya da bayar da amsa kan al’amuran addini.” Amma mu a yau mun yi amfani da ita ne da ma’anar “tsarin neman bayani ta hanyar tambaya, kan kowane fanni na rayuwa, ba addini kadai ba.” A daya bangaren kuma, idan muka ce Kasuwar Fatawa, muna nufin “wani tsari ne da ya kumshi gidajen yanar sadarwa masu amsa tambayoyin masu ziyara a fannonin ilimi da harkokin yau da kullum, ta hanyar yin tambaya da samun amsa.” Wannan tsari shine ake kira Knowledge Market a turancin fasahar sadarwa ta zamani. Wadannan gidajen yanar sadarwa sun kumshi Majalisun Tattaunawa (Online Forums/Groups), da Zauren Hira (Chat Rooms), da kuma gidajen yanar sadarwa gama-gari, masu bayar da damar yin hakan.

Nau’uka

Akwai nau’in hanyoyin neman fatawa kala biyu a Intanet. Nau’in farko ya kumshi tsohuwar hanyar neman bayanai da samunsu a Intanet. Watau gidajen yanar sadarwa masu dauke da Majalisun Tattaunawa, watau Online Forums/Groups, da kuma Zauren Hira, ko Chat Rooms inda zaka je kayi rajista, ka aika tambayarka, ka jira amsa daga wajen sauran mambobin da ke ciki. Wannan hanya ita ce tafi sauki, kuma har yanzu ana amfani da ita wajen neman bayanai da samunsu a Intanet. Kusan dukkan manyan gidajen yanar sadarwar shahararrun kamfanonin sadarwa da ke Intanet na dauke da ire-iren wadannan Majalisu da Zauruka; daga Yahoo!, zuwa Google, duk zaka samu. Tsarin neman bayanai da samunsu a wannan hanya duk kyauta ne; baka bukatar biyan kudi. Misali, kana iya shiga Majalisun Tattaunawa na harshen Hausa da ke Intanet, irinsu Majalisar Marubuta (http://groups.yahoo.com/group/marubuta), da na Finafinan Hausa (http://groups.yahoo.com/group/finafinan_hausa), ka yi rajista, sannan ka nemi dukkan bayanan da kake so, cikin sauki. Sannan kana iya tattanauwa da duk wanda kake son samun wasu bayanai daga gareshi ta hanyar fatawa a Zauren Hira, watau Chat Room. Amfanin wannan tsari shine, yana baka damar aikawa ne da tambaya da kuma samun amsa nan take, saboda kusancin yanayi da ke tsakaninka da wanda kake tambaya. Amma a Majalisun Tattaunawa kuwa, zaka jefa tambaya ne, sai ka saurari amsa. Duk wanda ya shiga akwatin Imel dinsa ya ga tambayarka, muddin ya sani, to nan take zai aiko da amsa. Idan akwai mai Karin bayani, nan take wani ma zai jefo. A wannan tsari kana da damar samun amsa ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kuma hakan zai baka damar zaban wanda yafi dacewa da abinda kake so.

Nau’i na biyu kuma ya kumshi hanyar neman fatawa ne a gidajen yanar sadarwa na musamman da aka tanada don karban tambayoyi da bayar da amsa. Ire-iren wadannann gidajen yanar sadarwa dai sun kasu kashi biyu; akwai na kyauta, inda zaka jefa tambaya bayan kayi rajista, sannan ka jira amsa. Idan ana bukatar Karin bayani za a sake tambayarka. Da zarar ka gamsar da wanda ke bukatar Karin bayani, nan take za a aiko maka da amsar tambayarka. Daga cikin shahararrun gidajen yanar sadarwa masu amsa fatawa kyauta a Intanet, akwai Yahoo Answers (http://answers.yahoo.com). Idan ka yi rajista, kana aikawa da tambaya, kuma a baka amsa. Wadanda ke wannan gidan yanar sadarwa duk mambobi ne, ba wai ma’aikatan kamfanin Yahoo! bane. Bayan haka, kana iya bincike cikin tambayoyin baya da aka amsa su, duk wanda ya dace da tambayarka, sai ka dauka. An kuma samu na kamfanin Microsoft mai suna MSN QnA (MSN Question and Answers – http://answers.msn.com). Amma an rufe gidan yanar bayan wasu lokuta da fara gudanar dashi. A bangaren addini kuma, akwai gidan yanar sadarwa ta fatawar Musulunci zalla, mai suna Islam Question and Answer (http://www.islam-qa.com), inda zaka je ka mika tambayarka, manyan malamai sub aka amsa nan take. Wannan ma wata kafa ce ta samun bayanai kan matsalolin da suka bijiro maka, ka rasa yadda zaka iya warware su a addinance.

A daya bangaren kuma, akwai gidajen yanar sadarwa masu bayar da damar aika tambaya da samun amsa ta hanyar biyan kudi. Shahararren gidan yanar sadarwan da ya taba yin gwaji kan haka kuwa shine gidan yanar sadarwan Google, mai suna Google Answers (http://answers.google.com). Wannan gidan yanar sadarwa an kafa shi ne a shekarar 2004, kuma ya rayu har zuwa shekarar 2008, lokacin da kamfanin Google ya rufe shi sanadiyyar wasu matsaloli da suka taso ta bayan fage. Amma duk da haka, akwai dukkan amsoshin da aka amsa su a tare a gidan yanar, kuma kowa na iya zuwa ya bincika, don kwasan garabasa kyauta.

Tsari

Yadda ake gudanar da hanyoyin gabatar da fatawa a Intanet ya danganci tsarin da kamfanin ko kuma masu Zauren ko Majalisar ke bi. Dangane da abinda ya shafi Majalisun Tattaunawa, abinda kake bukata kawai shine ya zama kana da adireshin Imel, sai ka yi rajista a Zauren majalisar, sannan ka natsu don karantar yadda tsarin majalisar yake. Domin akwai tsarin shugabanci a kowace majalisa; akwai Madugu (ko Shugaba), da Sakatare, da dai sauran mukamai da suka dace da irin muhallin majalasar. Bayan nan, kana iya yin tambaya a duk lokacin da ka ga dama. Amma ka tabbata kayi tambaya mai ma’ana, kuma kada ka maimata tambayar da aka ta yi a majalisar. Kana iya gane cewa tambaya ta maimaitu a majalisa, idan ka yi binciken sakonnin baya. Haka kana iya samun wanda ka san kwararre ne kan abinda kake son tambaya, kuyi hira na musamman ta hanyar Imel ko ta hanyar Zauren Hira, watau Chat.

A bangare daya kuma, tsarin fatawa a gidajen yanar sadarwa na musamman ya sha bamban da na Majalisun Tattaunawa. A ire-iren wadannan gidajen yanar sadarwa idan ka je, kana bukatar yin rajista ta musamman, ko da kuwa kana da akwatin Imel. A hanyar rajista ne zaka zabi sunan (username) da kake son a rika shaida ka dashi, duk sadda ka jefo tambaya. Sannan sai ka aika da tambayarka. Kowa na iya bayar da amsa ko jefo Karin bayani kan amsar da wani ya aiko maka. A haka za ka tara bayanan da kake bukata iya gwargwado. Idan kuma a gidajen yanar sadarwan da ake biyan kudi ne kafin karban amsar fatawa, bayan rajista da za ka yi, da kuma zaban sunan da za a sheida ka dashi da zarar kazo tambaya, da kanka zaka sa yawan kudin da zaka biya idan har ka gamsu da amsar da aka baka. Wannan shine tsarin da gidan yanar sadarwan Google Answers yayi amfani dashi. Duk wanda ke son amsa mai inganci, to ya rage gareshi ya sanya kudi mai tsoka, don kwadaitar da mai amsa masa tambayarsa.

A tsarin Google Answers ba kowa bane ke amsa tambayar masu tambaya. Idan ka aiko da tambaya, ka kuma sanya farashin fatawanka, to akwai manhajar da ke “kulle” tambayar don kada wani ya ce komai a kai, sai malaman da aka tanada kadai. Akwai malamai masu bincike na kololuwa a kowane fanni da gidan yanar sadarwan ya tanada don yin wannan aiki. Idan aka turo maka amsa a karon farko, to kowa na iya yin tsokacin Karin bayani ko sharhi kan abinda aka turo maka. Wannan shi ake kira “comments”, kuma kowa na iya tofa albarkacin bakinsa. Idan ka gamsu da amsar da malamin da ke bincike kan tambayarka ya bayar, to shikenan, sai ka biya (da dalar Amurka), kafin a miko maka amsar. Idan kuma baka gamsu ba, haka zaka ta aiko da bayani, don fahimtar da malamin abinda kake bukata. Har sai ka gamsu tukun za a saki amsar kowa ya gani. A wannan tsari Google Answers yayi ta gudana tsawon shekaru hudu. Kuma kamar yadda bayanai suka gabata, duk da cewa an rufe gidan yanar, akwai dukkan amsar tambayoyin da aka amsa su, kana iya zuwa ka nemi wanda ya dace da abinda kake nema, kyauta!

Amfani da Tasiri

Da farko dai samuwar ire-iren wadannan gidajen yanar sadarwa; na kyauta da na kudi, ya sawwake samuwar samfurin bayanai kan nau’ukan ilmi da dama. Domin da dama cikin mutane, musamman ma dalibai da ke makarantun sakandare da jami’o’i sunyi amfani da wannan hanya wajen yin aikin gida (assignment) da ake basu. Duk da cewa kamfanin Google yayi kokarin ganin cewa ya tace samfurin tambayoyi masu kama da na aikin gida da ake ba dalibai, don kauce wa taimakawa wajen kasalar karatu da hakan zai iya jawowa. Har wa yau, hakan ya taimaka wa gama-garin mutane samun hanyoyin warware matsalolinsu. Misali, a gidan yanar sadarwa ta Google Answers akwai tambayoyi kan hanyoyin warware matsalolin rayuwa da dama; irinsu matsalolin zamantakewa tsakanin jama’a, da matsalolin kayan lantarki, da matsalolin hanya da fasahar sadarwa, da matsalolin karatu da shawarwari kan yadda ake tsara rayuwa da dai sauransu. Wani abin sha’awa har wa yau shine, wannan tsari ya taimaka wa jama’a wajen sanin hanyoyi da hikimomin bincike a Intanet. Domin duk sadda mai bincike ya aiko maka amsar tambayarka, zai hada ne da kalmomin da yayi amfani dasu (watau Search Query Terms), don baka damar yin hakan nan gaba, ba tare da matsala ba.

Alal hakika wannan tsari da ya samar da Kasuwar Fatawa a Intanet yayi matukar tasiri wajen samar da bayanai a yadda ake sonsu, a lokacin da ake sonsu, a kuma tsarin da ake sonsu. Har wa yau, tsarin ya taimaka wajen samar da wata kafar haduwa tsakanin mai amsa maka tambayarka, da kuma kai da ke tambayar. Sabanin wasu tsare-tsare masu amfani da manhajar kwamfuta, irinsu manhajar Matambayi-ba-ya-bata, watau Search Engine Program, wadanda ba mutane bane, kuma ba lale bane su fahimci abinda kake nufi kai tsaye. Abu na karshe da wannan tsari ya tabbatar shine tatattun dalilai da masu bincike a ire-iren wadannan gidajen yanar sadarwa ke tacowa daga littattafai da sauran hanyoyin tara bayanai na bayyane, zuwa Intanet. Ma’ana, da dama cikin amsoshin da ake bayarwa, sakamakon bincike ne da aka yi a wajen Intanet, wasu ma alkaluman bayanai ne da ke makare a dakunan karatu a kasashen duniya.

Kammalawa

A karshe, samuwar Kasuwar Fatawa a Intanet dai tayi tasiri matuka wajen habaka samuwar nau’ukan bayanai masu dangantaka da abinda masu neman bayanan ke nema, cikin yanayin da suke so, a kuma lokacin da ake sonsu. Kuma duk da cewa wani banganren wannan tsari ya shafi biyan kudi, a bayyane yake cewa amsoshin tambayoyin da aka bayar suna kan taimaka wa masu neman bayanai a Intanet yanzu, musamman ganin cewa a kyauta ake samunsu. Ga duk mai son ganin yadda wannan tsari na kasuwanci ke gudanuwa ko suka gudanu, a ziyarci gidajen yanar sadarwa irinsu: Yahoo Answers da ke http://answers.yahoo.com, ko kuma Google Answers da ke http://answers.google.com. Idan kuma kana bukatar bayanai masu nasaba da abinda kake so ne ta hanyar taimakon masu amfani da harshen Hausa, kana iya ziyartar wasu daga cikin Majalisun Tattaunawa da ke Yahoo!, irinsu http://groups.yahoo.com/group/finafinan_hausa (Majalisar Fina-finan Hausa), ko kuma http://groups.yahoo.com/group/marubuta (Majalisar Marubuta Littattafan Hausa).