Mabudin Kunnuwa:
Cikin watan Fabrairun da ya gabata, Malam Bashir Auwal Sa’ad, wakilin sashen Hausa na BBC da ke nan Abuja, ya bugo mani waya don neman hira da ni kan zamba cikin aminci da wasu ke yi ta hanyar Intanet, watau Internet Scamming, a turance. Yayi hira dani na tsawon mintuna biyar, aka kuma sanya a shirin “Amsoshin Takardunku”, kwana daya bayan hirar. Bayan wannan hira na ci gaba da samun sakonni daga wajen masu karatu kan ire-iren sakonnin da suke samu marasa kan-gado, duk da cewa mun amsa tambaya makamanciyarta a daya daga cikin kasidun da muka gabatar, idan mai karatu bai mance ba. Wannan ya tabbatar mani cewa har yanzu da sauran rina a kaba. Don haka na ga dacewar jinginar da bayanan da muke tunkudowa kan Dangantakar Intanet da Harkokin Rayuwa, don kawo gamsassun bayanai wajen samu, dalilai da kuma magance ire-iren wadannan sakonni da a turance ake kira “Spam”.
SPAM:
Kalmar “Spam”, kalma ce ta turanci, amma zai yi wahala mai karatu ya sameta cikin kamus, balle ya ga ma’anarta cikin harshen. Babban dalili kuwa shine, halittaciyar kalma ce da masu amfani da fasahar sadarwa ta Intanet suka kirikira, shekaru kusan talatin da suka gabata. Don haka idan ba a bangaren fasahar sadarwa ta Intanet ba, samun ma’anar “Spam” na da wahala. Don haka, kalmar na nufin “duk wani sako da aka aiko maka cikin jakar Imel dinka, wanda baka bukaceshi ba, ba ka tsammaninsa, balle ya amfaneka.” Sakonnin “Spam” na daga cikin matsalolin da masu hulda fasahar Imel ke fuskanta, musamman a wannan zamani da wannan fasaha ke bunkasa fiye da yadda mai karatu ke zato. Duk wanda ya saba yawace-yawace a gidajen yanan sadarwa, yana shigar da adireshinsa a duk inda aka umurceshi da yi, to ya san sakonnin “Spam”. Ire-iren wadannan sakonni sun kasu kashi uku: akwai sakonnin da ke dauke da tallace-tallace kan hajoji da caca (casino) ko kuma nau’ukan batsa daban-daban a Intanet. Kana iya gane irinsu daga taken (subject) da suka zo dashi. Ya danganta da ire-iren gidajen yanan sadarwan da kake ziyarta. Idan ka saba shiga gidajen yanan sadarwan wayoyin salula ne, to ba abin mamaki bane ka yi ta samun sakonnin da ake tallata maka wayoyin tafi-da-gidanka, iri-iri. Nau’I na biyu kuma sune sakonnin harkalla, watau sakonnin da ake bukatar a hada kai da kai wajen gabatar da wata hulda da ta shafi kudi. Ire-iren wadannan sakonni na cuwa-cuwa ne. Masu zamba-cikin-aminci (419) ne ke aiko da su. Sakonnin harkalla na kunshe ne da bayanai kan huldodin kudi. Galibin ‘yan Nijeriya masu yin wannan aika-aika kan dogara ne da wasu harkokin siyasa da suka faru, wajen shirya alaka da kai kan wannan harkalla. Misali, wani zai ce maka ai babansa tsohon minista ne da aka kama shi lokaci kaza a mulkin wane, kuma a yanzu yana da kudade miliyoyin daloli da ke bankunan kasashen waje, ya rasa yadda zai yi ya shigo dasu Nijeriya. Wasu kuma su ce maka suna da wata hanya ce ta yin kudi, idan kana bukata, ka samesu ta adireshi kaza, don cikakken bayani. Wasu ma har nambar waya zasu baka, kuma da zaran ka buga, tabbas zaka samu wanda zaka zanta dashi. Wannan kenan. Sai nau’in “Spam” na uku, wadanda sakonni ne marasa kan gado, na bogi, masu dauke da cutar haukatar da kwamfuta, watau “Computer Virus”. Su wadannan sakonni na zuwa ne da makalallen sako, watau “attachments”, wanda idan ka bude, zai shige kwakwalwan kwamfutarka, ya dama maka lissafi. Masu aiko ire-iren wadannan sakonni kuma su ne masana manhajar kwamfuta, kwararru, masu mummunan manufa wajen aiki da fasaharsu. Ana kiransu “Crakers” ko “Hackers”. Babban tambayar da masu amfani da wasikun Imel ke ta yi, cikin mamaki, ita ce: shin, ta yaya suke samun adireshin mutane?
Hanyoyin Samun Adireshi:
Suna da hanyoyi wajen hudu, a takaice, da suke bi wajen samun adireshin mutane. Hanya ta farko ita ce sayan adireshin Imel a wajen kamfanonin da ke gabatar da saye da sayarwa ta Intanet. Wadanda suke da tarin adireshin mutane, masu shigowa don gabatar da cinikayya. Domin galinin gidajen yanan sadarwan da ke alaka da mutane na da wata manhaja da ke tara adireshin Imel da masu ziyara ke shigarwa, da zaran sun shigo zauren gidan yanan. Duk da cewa wannan haramun ne a dokar gwamnati, amma ba ruwansu. Idan suka tara sai kawai su sayar ma “Spammers”, su kuma su ci gaba da harkallansu. Hanya ta biyu kuma ita ce ta aikawa da “dan aike” (watau Robot, a turance), ko wani manhaja da masu wannan aika-aika ke kirkira, don zuwa “yawo” cikin giza-gizan sadarwa ta duniya, yana gano duk inda adireshin Imel yake, tare da kwafo shi zuwa gidan yanan mai shi, a saukake. Galibin masu wannan ta’ada, su ma suna sayar da wadannan adireshi ga “Spammers”, ko kuma su cilla ma masu su rikatattun bayanai, don keta da ta’addanci. Hanya ta uku kuma, ita ce ta hanyar aikawa da sakonni majalisun tattaunawa, watau “Mailing Lists” ko “Discussion Groups”. Galibin “Spammers” kan tattara adireshin mutane ta wannan hanya don yin wannan aika-aika. Sai hanya ta karshe, wacce kai da kanka zaka haddasa ta; shine ka shigar da adireshin Imel dinka da kanka, don wata bukata da kake da ita a wani gidan yanan sadarwa, kamar yadda muka kawo misali da katin gaishe-gaishe a kasidar da ta gabata kan wannan mas’ala. A wani karon kuma wasu ne zasu mika adireshinka yayin aiko maka da wani sako ta wani gidan yanan sadarwa. Dukkan wadannan hanyoyi na da tasiri mai girma wajen taimaka ma masu aiko wadannan sakonni.
A halin yanzu, duk da cewa ana kan kirkiran manhajojin kwamfuta masu tace ire-iren wadannan sakonni kafin isowarsu jakar wasikar sadarwa (Mail Box), abin sai karuwa yake yi. Domin cikin dakiku goma, suna iya aikawa da sakonni miliyan daya. Wannna tasa magance wannan matsala ke da matukar wahala, domin da zaran sun aika da sakon, sai su kulle adireshin da suka aika da sakon ta hanyarsa, aikinsa ya kare. A cikin sakon da aka aiko maka ne zaka samu sabuwar adireshin da zaka aika da jawabi, idan ba ka da sa’a. In kuwa haka abin yake, to miye mafita?
Abin Yi:
A yanzu dai kana da hanyoyi uku da zaka bi wajen magance wannan matsala, idan ya addabe ka. Hanya ta farko itace, duk lokacin da ka samu ire-iren wadannan sakonni, wanda galibi a “Bulk Mail” Yahoo Mail ke jefa su, sai kawai ka share (delete) su. Kada ka taba amsa su, domin amsa ire-iren wadannan sakonni na da matsala biyu; da farko, idan mai aikowa yayi haka ne a bisa taraddadin zai samu amsa ko bazai samu ba, ma’ana adireshin rayayye ne ko matacce? Idan ka mayar da jawabi, wannan zai farkar dashi cewa “ai adireshin mai rai ne, banza ta fadi gasassa.” A bangare na biyu kuma, in ka aika da jawabi, sakonka zai dawo (bouce), domin yana daga cikin al’adan masu zamba cikin aminci su boye tataccen bayanin da zai nuna hakikanin inda suke aiko da sakonninsu. Don haka da zaran ka samu ire-iren wadannan sakonni, ka share su kawai, ba sai ka bude su ba. Hanya ta biyu ita ce ka tsara jakar wasikar sadarwanka, watau Inbox, ta yadda duk wani sako da yazo makamancin “Spam” za a kautar maka dashi zuwa “Bulk Folder”, ko kuma a hana sakon isowa jakar gaba daya. Za ka iya yin hakan ta “Options”, wanda ke can sama daga hannun dama, a “Inbox” dinka (Ga masu Yahoo kenan). Idan shafin ya budo, zaka ga zabi kala-kala da zasu taimaka maka tsare jakar wasikar sadarwanka. Sai ka dubi bangaren hagu, inda aka rubuta “Spam Protection”, da kuma “Block Addresses”. Idan ka matsa “Spam Protection”, zai kai ka inda zaka tsara yadda kake son karban sakonni masu kama da sakonnin bogi, watau “Spam”. Idan kuma kana da adireshin Imel da ka san an saba aiko maka ire-iren wadannan sakonni. Sai kaje “Block Addresses”, ka shigar da adireshin. Ba za ka kara samun sako daga wannan adireshin ba. Amma duk da haka, wannan tsaro ne na “wucin-gadi”, domin suna da adireshin Imel masu dimbin yawa da suke amfani dasu wajen aiko wadannan sakonni, kuma da zaran sun aika, sai su kulle. A lokaci daya su kan aika da sakonni miliyan daya daga adireshin Imel guda, kamar yadda bayani ya gabata a sama. ‘Yan duniya! Idan sakonnin suka ci gaba da zuwa kamar ruwan sama, to Malam Barau, ba ka da zabi sai matakin karshe, watau kulle jakar wasikar sadarwan gaba daya, don bude wani sabo kawai. Sai dai duk da haka, akwai himma da wasu kwararru ke yi a duniyar gizo, wajen gano iyayen garken (web servers) da ke ba masu wannan aika-aika daman yada tsiyatakunsu. Akwai kuma kungiya guda mai suna “Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial E-mail”, watau “CAUCE” (http://www.cauce.org), masu yaki da yada sakonnin bogi, watau “Spam”. A halin yanzu akwai dokokki da gwamnatocin Turai da Amurka ke kan tsarawa, wanda zai hukunta duk wanda aka kama yana wannan aika-aika. A halin yanzu ladabtar dasu kawai ake yi. Da zaran an lura da gidan yanan sadarwan da ke taimaka ma masu wannan aiki, sai a tallata su a duniyan gizo, a kuma daina mu’amala da su. SPEWS na daya daga cikin masu tallata ire-iren wadannan gidajen yana masu aikowa da sakonnin bogi. Idan kana son samun bayanai kan su, da wadanda ke yi da kuma wadanda suka tuba, ka ziyarcesu a http://www.spews.org.
Kammalawa:
Daga karshe, idan mai karatu ya bi hanyoyin da suka gabata, in Allah Ya yarda zai samu saukin lamarin. Duk da cewa sakonnin bogi zasu ci gaba da yaduwa a Intanet, za a ci gaba da samun hanyoyin magance su, iya gwargwado. Babban abin farin ciki shine mu a nan Nijeriya da sauran kasashe masu tasowa, matsalar zata takaita sosai. Domin bamu cika saye da sayarwa ta hanyar Intanet ba. Amma duk da haka, samun makami da iya sarrafa shi kafin bacin rana, abu ne mai muhimmanci. Sai mu fadaka, don samun kariya. Kada kuma a mance da ziyartan kundin sirrin wannan shafi da ke http://fasahar-intanet.blogspot.com.
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