GINA GIDAN YANAN SADARWA (Web Design)

Gina Gidan Yanan Sadarwa (Web Designing):

Kamar yadda nayi alkawari makon da ya gabata, yau gani dauke da bayani kan Gina Gidan Yanan Sadarwa. Sai dai wani hanzari ba gudu ba. . .masu karatu zasu ji dandanon wannan kasida ta canza, sabanin yadda aka saba jin bayani tiryan-tiryan. Hakan ya faru ne saboda wahalan da ke tattare da wannan bangare na Gina Gidan Yanan Sadarwa. Domin wani bangare ne da ke bukatar dogon bayani da misalai masu tsawo, wanda wannan fili bazai iya daukewa ba a lokaci daya. Ilimi ne har wa yau, da ke bukatar dabbaka shi a aikace. Don haka abinda na gabatar a nan kawai ‘yar takaitacciyar mukaddima ce, don a fahimci abinda Gina Gidan Yanan Sadarwa ke nufi, ba wai a koya ma mai karatu hakikanin yadda ake ginin ba.

Ma’ana:

G

ina Gidan Yanan Sadarwa wanda a turance ake kira Web Desiging, shine tsara Shafukan Yanan Gizo (Web Pages) masu Rariyar Likau (Links), ta hanyar amfani da daya daga cikin masarrafan gina gidan yanan sadarwa, watau Web Design Software. Kowane Gidan Yanan Sadarwa na dauke ne da bangarori biyu muhimmai; bangaren farko shine fuskan Gidan Yanan Sadarwan, watau Zaure kenan, ko Home Page a turance. Wannan shine shafin farko na kowane Gidan Yanan Sadarwa, kuma shine bangaren da ke dauke da muhimman bayanai kan irin nau’in abinda Uban Gidan Yanan (Webmaster) ke tallatawa, ko yake son masu ziyara su sani, a takaice. A wannan Zaure mai ziyara zai samu jagora zuwa bangare na biyu da ke Gidan Yanan Sadarwan. Wannan bangare kuwa shine dakunan gidan yanan sadarwa, masu dauke da cikakkun bayanai – kasidu, hotuna, sautuka, hotuna masu motsi da sauransu – wadanda mai ziyara zai yi mu’amala dasu. Wadannan su ake kira Web Pages a turance. Ga taswiran dan karamin Gidan Yanan Sadarwa mai dauke da tarihin Uban Gidan Yanan (Malam Sadau, tare da iyalinsa) nan, don misali:

Gina Gidan Yanan Sadarwa:

Idan kana son gina gidan yanan sadarwanka, dole ne ka tanadi kayayyakin aiki, kamar dai yadda zaka tanada idan asalin gidan zama zaka gina. Muhimmai daga cikin wadannan kayayyaki sune:

Ilimin Gina Gidan Yanan Sadarwa: Wannan shine abu na farko; ka samu ilimin fasahan gina Gidan Yanan Sadarwa. Akwai ilmummuka da dama da ake son mai gina gidan yanan sadarwa ya samu, kafin ya fara aiki, duk da yake ya danganta da irin abubuwan da zai zuba cikin gidan/shafukan. A takaice dai yana bukatar ilimin Hypertext Markup Language da nau’ukansa; irinsu Extensive Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML), Extensible Markup Language (XML) da kuma ilimin Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). Idan gidan yanan sadarwanka na bukatan hotuna masu motsi (Animations) da sauti (Multimedia) ko kuma kana bukatan runbun bayanai mai dimbin yawa wanda masu ziyara zasu yi mu’amala dasu (Database), dole ka mallaki wani bangaren ilimin gina manhajar kwamfuta (Programming), irinsu: Java, PHP, SQL, Pearl, C, C++, JavaScript, Flash da sauran irinsu. Idan duk baka da ko daya, sai ka samu masu yi, kuyi jinga don su gina maka ka biya su.

Kwamfuta: Kana bukatar kwamfuta, wacce a kanta zaka gabatar da dukkan aikace-aikacenka. Muhimmancin kwamfuta wajen gina gidan yanan sadarwa kamar muhimmancin fuloti ne, ga mai gina gida. Ba sai lalai ka samu mai cilla gudu ba, a a. ‘Yar madaidaiciya ma ta isa. Kwamfutar nan mai talabijin ne (Desktop) ko tafi-da-gidanka (Laptop) ce, duk zaka iya samun kowacce.

Rariyar Tsallake-tsallake (Browser): Wannan itace masarrafan da zata taimaka maka wajen gwaji, lokacin da kake aikin tsara shafukan gidan yanan sadarwarka. Babban aikinta shine budo duk wani shafi da aka rubuta ko tsara shi ta amfani da ilimin gina gidan yanan sadarwa mai rariyar likau, Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). Da wannan masarrafa ne duk wani mai lilo da tsallake-tsallake a Yanar Gizo yake lilawa. Don haka da zaran ka tashi gwaji, sai ka kira ta, zata budo maka shafukan kamar yadda mai ziyara zai gansu idan ka dora a Giza-gizan sadarwa ta duniya. Galibi ana samun wannan masarrafa a dukkan sabuwar kwamfuta, kuma akwai nau’uka daban-daban. Shahararru daga cikinsu sune: Internet Explorer, na kamfanin Microsoft, da Netscape na kamfanin Netscape, sai kuma Firefox na kamfanin Mozilla.

Masarrafan Gina Gidan Yanan Sadarwa: Daga nan sai ka nemi allon rubutu, wanda dashi ake gina shafukan da ke kowane gidan yanan sadarwa. Akwai su iri iri su ma. Shahararru daga cikinsu sune: Notepad, Frontpage, Wordpad, Mcrosoft Publisher, Dreamweaver, da JEdit. Baka bukatar sayan hudun farko, don suna zuwa cikin manhajar Windows da ke kowace kwamfuta. Idan gidan yanan da kake son ginawa ya tattaro hotuna da sauti da hotuna masu motsi (video clips, animations), a nan kana bukatar masarrafan tsara hotuna da daidaitasu, irinsu Photoshop, Paintshop Pro, Corel Draw ko Fireworks na kamfanin Micromedia, da kuma masarrafa irinsu Micromedia Flash ko Freehand. Duk hotunan da zaka ci karo dasu a gidajen yanan sadarwa, kashi casa’in cikin dari da wadannan masarrafan aka gina ko tsara su.

Makamashi: Sune kayayyakin da zaka zuba a cikin dakunan da ka gina da wadannan masarrafa da bayanansu suka gabata a sama, don masu ziyara su rinka mu’amala dasu. Wadannan karikitai kuwa sune: bayanai (haruffa – bakake, kasidu), sauti, hotuna – masu motsi da marasa motsi – taswira da sauransu. Wadannan duk ana shigar dasu cikin masarrafan a matsayin rubutu – watau haruffa – ta hanyar wani lugga na fasahar gina gidan yanan sadarwa, watau Hypertext Markup Language Tags, ko kace HTML Tags, a takaice. Da zaran an shigar dasu, sai a adana (saving) cikin tumibin kwamfuta (Hard Drive). Daga nan sai ka matsa Rariyar Tsallake-tsallakenka, watau Browser. Ita ce zata karanta umarnin da ka bata a masarrafan gina gidan yanan sadarwa (Notepad ne ko Dreamweaver), ta kuma budo maka shafin kamar yadda ka umarceta. Ga gajeren misali nan da masarrafan Notepad, wanda na rubuta don gwaji:

Abinda nace mata a nan shine, “ki tsara mini shafin yanan gizo mai tambarin “BABAN SADIQ”, ki kuma bayyana “DUNIYA SALAMU ALAIKUM!” da manyan bakake, kumburarru (bold) a cikin shafin.”

Don haka, ga abinda Rariyar Tsallake-tsallaken ta bayyana nan kasa (a lura da gurun saman shafin (watau Title Bar), za a ga tambarin BABAN SADIQ, sauran bayanai kuma na cikin ainihin shafin, kamar haka):

Haka zaka ci gaba da gina shafukan Yanan, daya bayan daya. Idan ka gama, sai ka zabi shafi guda, ka mayar dashi Zauren Gidan Yanan, watau Homepage, shafin da dukkan mai ziyara zai fara cin karo dashi, da zaran ya shigo Gidan Yanan Sadarwanka. Zaka jona dukkan shafukan da juna, daga Zauren Gidan Yanan, zuwa kananan dakunan, don masu ziyasa su samu saukin zirga-zirga cikin gidanka ba tare da wata wahala ba. Da ka gama, sai ka doshi mataki na gaba, watau Masu Sadarwa.

Masu Sadarwa: Sai ka nemi kamfanonin da ke sadar da kwamfuta da Intanet, watau Internet Service Providers - ISPs. Su zasu maka abubuwa biyu; su yi maka rajistan adireshin da ka zaba, a matsayin adireshin Gidan Yanan Sadarwanka; su kuma ajiye maka shafukan Gidan Yananka, watau Web Hosting, cikin Uwar Garkensu – Web Servers. Kowanne daga cikin wadannan ayyuka biyu na da farashinsa daban. Don haka, da zaran ka biya su, sai su riskar ko kuma dora shafuka ko ginannen Gidan Yanan Sadarwanka a Giza-gizan Sadarwa ta Duniya, inda kowa zai iya ziyarta, ta hanyar adireshin da kayi rajista dashi.

Mataki na karshe shine abinda yafi komai wahala, watau lura da Gidan Yanan Sadarwanka, a kullum, ko duk wata, ko shekara. Ya danganci irin nau’in bayanan da ka tula a ciki. Idan gidan yanan sadarwan ta jarida ce, a kullum sai kai aiki a ciki kenan; wajen cirewa da kuma zuba sabbin bayanai (labarai da kasidu da sauransu). Idan kuma ta kashin kanka ce, wanda ka zuba tarihinka a ciki, to duk lokacin da wani bayani ya canza, sai ka mayar da wani a madadinsa. Ka zama Webmaster kenan.

A mako na gaba in Allah Ya yarda, zan aiko bayanai kan yadda ake lilo da tsallake-tsallake a Giza-gizan Sadarwa ta Duniya, watau Web Browsing ko Surfing, a turance. Kafin nan, ina taya mu murnar ganin karshen wannan wata mai alfarma lafiya. Allah Ya karbi ayyukanmu, Ya kuma sa mu amfana da darussan da muka koya cikinsa, amin. Barka da Sallah!

Abdullahi Salihu Abubakar (Baban Sadiq)

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC),

Tower 421, Constitution Avenue,

Central Area, Garki – Abuja.

080 23788040

absad143@yahoo.com, salihuabdu@yahoo.com