LILO DA TSALLAKE (Web Browsing)

Lilo da Tsallake-tsallake (Web Browsing/Surfing)

A kasidar da ta gabata, mun gabatar da takaitaccen bayani kan Gina Gidan Yanan Sadarwa (Web Design), da abubuwan da mai ginin ke bukata kafin ya fara aikinsa. A wannan makon kuma gamu dauke da bayanai kan yadda mai ziyara zai yi Lilo da Tsallake-tsallake a irin wadannan gidajen yanan sadarwa don neman bayanai ko ganin duk abinda yake son gani a cikinsu.

Ma’ana:

Lilo da Tsallake-tsallake shine yin yawo a cikin gidan yanan sadarwa ta Intanet, ta hanyar Rariyar Likau (Web Links), daga wannan daki zuwa wancan, ko daga wannan gidan yanan sadarwa zuwa wancan. An kira wannan yawo ne da lilo da tsallake-tsallake, don ba lale bane wannan tafiya ta zama kai tsaye; zai iya yiwuwa mai ziyara ya shiga gidan yanan sadarwa ta zauren gidan, amma ya fice ta kofar baya, ko ta tagar gidan, ba tare da mai gadin gidan ya sani ba; ko kuma daga gidan da yake lilo, sai kawai ya hango wani gida ta tagar gidan da yake ciki, caraf, sai ya tsallake zuwa can, ta rariyar likau. Ga duk mai son yin lilo da tsallake-tsallake a Giza-gizan Sadarwa ta Intanet, ga matakan nan; kai waye, wai bazawara da jaka:

Hanyoyi/Matakan Lilawa:

Adireshi: Ka kwatanta da rayuwar yau da kullum da kake yi a duniya; duk lokacin da ka fito daga gidanka ka san inda zaka. To a Giza-gizan Sadarwa ta Duniya ma fa haka abin yake. Sai dai a nan, abinda kake bukata shine Adireshin Gidan Yanan Sadarwa (Web Address ko Uniform Resource Locator – URL), bayan ka samu kwamfuta mai jone da Intanet. Kowane adireshin gidan yanan sadarwa na da bangare uku ne. Misali:

http://www.dailytrust.com

Bangaren farko shine: http:// wanda cikakken lafazinsa ke nufin Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Wannan ita ce ka’idar da ke lura da karbo shafukan yanan gizo masu Rariyar Likau daga wannan gidan yanan sadarwa zuwa wani. Samuwarsa a adireshin gidan yanan sadarwa na nufin “wannan gidan yanan sadarwa na dauke ne da shafukan yanan gizo masu rariyar likau (kada ka damu da alamar ruwa-biyu da karan tsaye da ke gaban http, tunda aka ce maka “ka’ida” ce, ba sai ka tambaya ba). Kowace kwamfuta ta san wannan ka’idar. Shi yasa idan kazo shigar da adireshin yanan gizo a rariyar tsallake-tsallake, ko da baka sa wannan bangare ba, kwamfutar zata bayyanashi, kafin nemo maka shafin da ka umarceta da nemowa. Don haka, shigar da wannan bangaren ba dole bane, zai bayyana da kansa da zaran kwamfuta ta fara nemo gidan yanan sadarwan.

Bangare na biyu kuma shine: www. (a lura da digon aya da ke gaban harafin w ta karshe) cikakken lafazinsu shine World Wide Web. Ma’ana, “wannan gidan yanan sadarwa mai dauke da shafuka masu rariyar likau, na dore ne a saman Giza-gizan Sadarwa ta Duniya”. Wannan ya fitar da nau’in Intranet wanda muka yi maganarsa a kasidar farko, daga cikin jerin shafukan yanan gizo da ke giza-gizan sadarwa ta duniya. Domin shi a gajeren zangon sadarwar ma’aikata ko gida ake iya samunsa, watau Local Area Network (LAN). Duk wanda kwamfutarsa ba a jone take da sauran kwamfutocin da ke gida ko ma’aikatar ba, baya iya shiga ko ganin shafin.

Bangaren karshe kuma shine: dailytrust.com Wannan shine adireshin kwamfuta/Uwar garken da ke dauke da gidan yanan sadarwan kamfanin Daily Trust, a misali. In bamu manta ba, a kasidarmu ta Gina Gidan Yanan Sadarwa, munce da zaran an gama gina gidan yanan sadarwa, ana zuba shafukan ne cikin Uwar Garke (Web Server), wanda Kamfanonin Sadarwa – Internet Service Providers (ISPs) ke dasu. Wannan na nufin duk wanda ke son shiga gidan yanan, sai ya bi ta adireshin wannan kwamfuta dake dauke da shafukan. Kowace kwamfuta na da adireshin da ‘yar uwarta ke iya gane ta, duk inda take a duniya. Adireshin nan kuwa a rukunin nambobi suke, ba haruffa ba. To in haka ne, ta yaya aka yi muka samu dailytrust.com, ba nambobin ba? Nan gaba zamu san dalili. Yanzu dai mu yarda cewa wadannan nambobi ne aka juya su zuwa haruffa ko sunan ma’aikata ko mutum ko kamfani, don samun saukin shiga. To a yanzu kana da adireshin gidan yanan sadarwan Daily Trust, yaya zaka shiga?

Sai ka matsa (Click) Rariyar Tsallake-tsallakenka (Browser) sau biyu, wanda galibi tambarinta ke fuskan kwamfutarka (Monitor). Idan Internet Explorer ne, ka dubi jerin tambarorin da ke fuskar kwamfuta zaka ga babban harafin “e” shudi, kamar haka: e. Sai ka matsa shi sau biyu, lokaci daya, Rariyar Tsallake-tsallaken zata budo. Shafi ne babba, mai dauke da tambarori (Icons) a samansa, da wani farin layi, inda ake shigar da adireshin gidan yanan sadarwa (Address Bar). A wannan farin siririn layi zaka shigar da dukkan adireshin gidan

yanan sadarwan da da kake son ziyarta. Ga misali nan kasa:

Da ka gama shigarwa, sai ka matsa “Go” da ke gaban farin layin, za ta riskar da kai mataki na gaba.

Zauren Gidan Yanan Sadarwa: Wannan shine shafin farko da zaka fara cin karo dashi, da zaran ka shigo gidan yanan sadarwa ta adireshinsa. Wasu kan kira shi “Babban Shafi”, amma ina ganin “Zaure” ita ce kalmar da tafi dacewa. Domin “mashigi” ne, ba wurin zama ba. Ga Zauren Gidan Yanan Sadarwan Daily Trust nan kasa:

Don haka sai ka natsu. Ka yi nazarin abubuwan da ke wannan shafi, domin wuri ne da aka tanadi bayanai a takaice kwarai. A wannan shafi ne har wa yau, zaka samu hanya zuwa wasu shafuka dake wasu gidajen yanan sadarwan, ko kuma zuwa dakunan da ke asalin gidan yanan (Web Pages); ya danganci irin bayanin da kake so. Zaka samu bayanai da hotuna masu motsi da marasa motsi, da dukkan wani kyale-kyale da Uban Gidan Yanan ya tanada, don daukan hankalin mai ziyara. Duk bayanai, ko hotunan da ka bi ta kansu, kibiyar manunin kwamfutarka (Mouse Pointer) ta canza zuwa dan karamin hannu, to mashigi ne, kana matsawa zaka shiga wata duniyar.

Rariyar Likau: Kowane Gidan Yanan Sadarwa na da tsararrun hanyoyin zirga-zirga daga ciki zuwa wajensa, watau Navigational Tools. Galibinsu bayanai (Texts) ne ko tambari (Icon/Symbol) ko kuma hotuna (Images), wadanda suke juyawa zuwa dan karamin hannu da zaran ka bi ta kansu, kamar yadda bayani dai ya gabata. Don haka, kana matsa su, zasu riskar da kai wani shafi. Wadannan su ake kira Rariyar Likau, watau Web Links, ko Hypertext Links ko kuma Links, a takaice. Su ne hanyoyi, ko rassan da mai lilo zai rinka bi zuwa wasu gidajen yanan ko cikin dakunan gidan yanan sadarwan da ya shigo. Don haka ba abin mamaki bane ka shiga gidan yanan sadarwan da ke Nijeriya, ka bulla wanda ke kasar Sin, zuwa wani gidan da ke kasar Burazil, cikin kankanin lokaci ka nausa zuwa Landan ko Amurka. Wannan na daga cikin siffofin da Fasahar Intanet ne kadai ke dashi; ma’ana, duk lokacin da ka shiga cikinsa, to zaki ji ka tsundum ne cikin duniya. Kuma babban jagorarka cikin wannan yawo itace Rariyar Tsallake-tsallake, watau Browser, kamar yadda bayanai suka gabata.

Ladubba: Idan ka samu kanka a matsayin mai lilo da tsallake-tsallake a giza-gizan sadarwa na duniya, dole ne ka bi hanyoyin da zasu kai ka ga nasara. Daga ciki shine, ka bar yawan leke-leke, musamman wajen matsa Rariyar Likau din da baka san daga ina take ba balle ina zata. Idan baka da masaniyar inda zaka je lilo, kayi tambaya, musamman wajen wadanda ka san suna da sannaya kan lamarin, idan ba haka ba kuwa, sai ka kashe kudi da lokacinka a banza baka amfana da komai ba; kwamfutar taka ce ko kuwa a Mashakatar Tsallake-tsallake kake, watau Cyber Café. Idan kuwa ka yawaita yawace-yawace ba tare da sanin inda ka dosa ba, to zaka makale a wani kududdufin da ba ruwa, balle masu ceto.

A kasida ta gaba, zan kawo bayanai kan Wasikar Hanyar Sadarwa, watau E-mail; daya daga cikin dirkokin da suka kara habbaka yaduwan Fasahar Intanet a duniya.

Daga karshe, ina mika godiyata ga masu bugo waya ko aiko mini da sakonnin gaisuwa ta wayar salula (text messages), ko ta Wasikar Hanyar Sadarwa (Imel). Allah Ya saka da alheri, Ya kuma bar zumunci. Duk kuma wanda ke da wata tambaya, ya iya rubuto ma Edita, ko ya aiko mani kai tsaye ta Imel. Zamu tara ire-iren wadannan tambayoyi ko neman Karin bayani kan Fasahar Intanet gaba dayansa, don kebe wani lokaci da zan rubuto gamsassun jawabai kansu, in Allah Ya yarda.

Ayi hutun karshen mako lafiya.

Baban Sadiq