Mabudin Kunnuwa
Da yawa cikinmu kan yi mamakin yadda
fasahar kere-keren kwamfuta musamman, da yadda fannin lissafi ya zama wani
makami mai karfin gaske wajen kimiyyar kere-kere, da gine-gine (na gidaje, da
gadaje, da ma'aikatu), da yadda fannin lissafi har wa yau ya zama makami wajen
kawo ci gaba a fannin likitanci da hada magunguna a duniyar jiya da yau. Galibinmu idan wadannan al'amura suka birge
mu, sai ka ji mutum ya ce: "Shege Bature!," ko yace: "Aikin
Nasara…!", ko wani zance makamancin wannan da ke nuna gamsuwarsa da abin,
da kuma mamaki kan yadda abin ya kayatar da shi. Sai dai kadan daga cikinmu (al'ummar Musulmi)
ne muka san cewa, fannin lissafi a yau, musamman bangaren da ya shafi kimiyya
da fasahar kere-kere da likitanci, da kimiyyar gine-gine, wanda ya samar da asalinsa,
ya kuma habaka shi, ya inganta shi, ya kuma samar da turbar da har zuwa yau ake
amfani da shi, musulmi ne! Wannan bawan
Allah kuwa shi ne Abu Abdallah, Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khawaarizmi, wanda
ya assasa fannin lissafin da a Turancin yau ake kira Algebra, da Trigonometry,da
kuma Algorithm.
An haifi Imam Al-Khawaarizmi ne
cikin shekarar 780 miladiyya, a garin Khawaarizm (ko Khiva) da ke
Lardin Khuraasan a wancan lokaci, watau Lardin Xorazm kenan da ke kasar
Uzbekistan a yau. Imam Abu Rayhaan
al-Birooni, daya daga cikin manyan malaman tarihi da ilmin musulunci a wancan
karni ya ce asalin zuriyarsu Al-Khawaarizmi 'yan kabilar Fasha ne. Imam Abu Ja'afar Al-Tabari kuma ya ce dan
asalin Lardin Qatrabbul ne, kusa da birnin Bagadaza na kasar Iraki a yau. A takaice dai galibin marubuta sun nuna cewa
ayyuka da hidimar da Imam Al-Khawaarizmi yayi wa ilmi sun fi nasabarsa shahara
a duniya. A nashi bangaren, Imam Ibn Nadeem a cikin littafinsa mai suna Kitaabul
Fihrisah, ya kawo takaitaccen tarihin Imam Al-Khawaarizmi, inda ya
kididdige littattafan da ya rubuta, da kuma cewa ya rubuta su ne tsakanin
shekarar 813 – 833 miladiyya. Ya yi hijira zuwa birnin Bagadaza, inda ya yi
aiki a matsayin mai binciken ilmi a babbar cibiyar ilmi da ke daular musulunci
ta Bagadaza a wancan lokaci da ake kira Daarul Hikmah, karkashin
Khalifah Ma'amoon. A nan ne ya yi
bincike kan fannin kimiyya, da lissafi tsantsa, musamman kan rubuce-rubucen
kimiyya da a baya aka rubuta cikin harshen Girka, da Sanskirit.
Babbar hidimar da Imam Al-Khawaarizmi ya
yi wa fannin kimiyya shi ne kan lissafi (Mathematics & Arithmetics),
da ilmin sararin samaniya (Astronomy). Dukkan masana fannin lissafi da
ke kasashen Turai – na karnin baya da na yanzu – sun yi ikirari da cewa shi ne
asalin wanda ya samar tare da inganta fannin ka'idar lissafi kan "ragewa
da daidaito", ko Aljabru wal Muqaabala, a harshen Larabci, ko Algebra
a Turance, da dukkan nau'ukanta – irinsu Trigonometry, da Linear
Equation, da kuma Quadratic Equations. Hakan na taskance ne cikin shahararren littafinsa
mai suna Al-Kitaabul Mukhtasar fee Hisaabil Jabr wal Muqaabalah. Khalifah Ma'amoon ne ya zaburar da shi
wajen rubuta wannan littafi. Robert da
Gerard sun fassara littafin zuwa harshen Latin.
A halin yanzu akwai kwafin littafin, wanda ya rubuta da larabci, a
Jami'ar Oxford. Wannan fannin
ilmin lissafi ne ya samar da asalin ilmin tsarin yadda kwamfuta ke lissafi, da
yadda take iya kurumtar da bayanai (Cryptography) da kuma yadda ake
tsara hanyoyin gina masarrafar kwamfuta, watau Computer Algorithm. Ya kuma yi bayanin hanyoyin da fannin lissafi
ke taimakawa wajen kasuwanci da kuma tsarin rabon gado, duk ta wannan fanni na "Ragewa
da Daidaito", watau Algebra.
Daga cikin hidimarsa har wa yau akwai
littafin da ya rubuta mai dauke da lissafin tazarar da ke tsakanin halittun
sararin samaniya, irin Rana, da Wata a yayin da suke juyawa ko shawagi. A cikin
wannan littafi mai dauke da babuka talatin da bakwai har wa yau, ya kididdige
jadawalolin da ke dauke da wannan lissafi watau Astronomical Tables. Ya yi nazarin asalin wannan littafi ne
daga nau'ukan ilmin sararin samaniya da aka rubuta cikin harshen Hindu na kasar
Indiya. Masana sun fahimci hakan ne daga sunan da ya baiwa littafin bayan ya
rubuta, watau: Zinjul Sindhind. A
cikin wannan littafi har wa yau ya yi bayanin yadda duniyoyi biyar da aka gano
a wancan lokaci (watau The Five Planetary Bodies) suke juyawa. Bayan
haka, akwai littafi da ya rubuta mai suna Kitaabu Sooratil Ard, a fannin
ilmin kasa (Geography). Wannan
littafi yana dauke ne da yadda duniya take, da abubuwan da ke cikinta ko
samanta na teku da rafuka da sauransu. A
cikin littafin ya yi bayanin tazarar nisar duniya a kwance (Latitude) da
kuma tazarar nisanta a tsaye (Longitude), da yadda tsarin rani da damina
ke kasancewa. Bayan haka, ya samar da babbar Taswirar Duniya, watau Global
Map, wanda har yanzu ake amfani da shi (watau taswirar duniya mai kamar
kwallo). A ciki ya haddade fadi da
tsawon manyan tekunan duniya, ya kuma gano wasu, ta hanyar ilmin gano bigiren
kasa ta hanyar lissafi. Har wa yau akwai
kwamiti na musamman da Khalifah Ma'amoon ya kafa mai dauke da masana kimiyyar
sararin samaniya guda 70, Imam Al-Kawaarizmi ne ya shugabanci wannan kwamiti.
Wannan ke nuna kwarewarsa, da kuma tasirin
ilminsa a zamanin da yake raye. Allah ya
karbi rayuwarsa a shekarar 850 miladiyya, shekaru kusan 1200 kenan; yana dan
shekaru 70 a duniya. Allah ya rahamshe
shi, ya kuma sa aljanna makomarsa, amin.
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